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Understanding the Synoptic Gospels and the Apostolic Mission of Paul

Explore the unique characteristics of the Synoptic Gospels—Mark, Matthew, and Luke—and their focus on Jesus' teachings, deeds, and Jewish heritage. Mark presents a brisk account with a Messianic secret aimed at Gentile Christians in Rome, while Matthew emphasizes the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and portrays Jesus as a New Moses. Luke, as a historian, details salvation history. Additionally, discover Paul’s pivotal role in early Christianity, his conversion, and the significance of faith in the resurrected Christ as he expands the Church through travel and communication.

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Understanding the Synoptic Gospels and the Apostolic Mission of Paul

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Mark (65-70) • Sometimes critical of disciples (e.g. Mark 8:14-21) • Messianic Secret • Audience includes Gentile Christians (Rome) • Brevity and Focus on the deeds of Jesus • Some manuscripts end at 16:8 • Apocalyptic Teacher: Mark 13

  2. Matthew (75-90) • Perhaps most Jewish of the Gospels • Jesus as Jewish Teacher of the Law • Jesus as descendent of David • Fulfillment of OT expectations • Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7) • Not abolish, but fulfill Law • Jesus as New Moses

  3. Luke • A two-part work: Luke-Acts • Dedication to Theophilus (Luke 1:1-4) • Luke the Historian • Salvation History: life of Christ and life of the Church

  4. John (85-90) • Long speeches of Jesus • The “I am” Sayings • The Beloved Disciple (John 13:23-26) • The Style of the Gospel of John (John 1:1-18)

  5. Synoptic Problem • Synoptic Gospel - Synopsis • 90% of Mark’s Gospel in Matthew; 53% of Mark in Luke • Two Source Theory • Minority Voice: J. J. Griesbach, Matthew first, Luke used Matthew, Mark is an abridged version of Matthew and Luke

  6. Synoptic Problem • Mark • M Matthew Q Luke M

  7. The Mission of Paul • Paul’s “conversion” - 32-34 • The Composition of Paul’s Letters now included in the NT: 50-60 • The Essence of Paul’s message: Faith in the Resurrected Christ is the only requirement for both Jew and Gentile entering the Church

  8. Paul • A Description of Paul’s Mission: Romans 15:17-25. • The Importance of Travel along Business and Trade Routes for Expansion of the Church: Acts 18:1-3; 1 Corinthians 11:25-28; Romans 16 • Paul on the Resurrection: 1 Corinthians 15:1-19

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