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World War II 1939 - 1945

World War II 1939 - 1945. Totalitarianism in Europe: Pre-1939. Europe moves towards war. Hitler calls for lebensraum “living space” for German people Take over lands of inferior peoples (Slavs & Poles) & occupy German speaking lands of Europe

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World War II 1939 - 1945

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  1. World War II1939 - 1945

  2. Totalitarianism in Europe: Pre-1939

  3. Europe moves towards war • Hitler calls for lebensraum “living space” for German people • Take over lands of inferior peoples (Slavs & Poles) & occupy German speaking lands of Europe • European leaders try appeasement to avoid war with Germany • Germany begins building a large army & producing weapons in 1933 –violating the Treaty of Versailles • Anschluss of 1938, Germany enters Austria • “Peace for our time” –English Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain gets Hitler to agree to stop “annexing” parts of Europe on September 30, 1938 • Next day, Germany occupies the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)

  4. War Begins: Blitzkrieg • 9-1-1939 with the invasion of Poland • Days before Hitler signs nonaggression pact with USSR • USSR will not stop German attacks in Europe • France & GB declare war on Germany • Spring of 1940 –Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium & France invaded

  5. August –October ,1940 Battle of Britain • “the Blitz” (blitzkrieg=lightning war) bombing • Germany uses U-boats to prevent supplies from reaching Britain • British hold out with radar & US supplied food & weapons thru the Lend-Lease Act

  6. US enters the war • December 7th, 1941 • “A date that will live in infamy” • Japan attacks US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • Punish U.S. for banning the sale of oil to Japan • Gen. Hideki Tojoalso attacks the Philippines and several islands in the Pacific held by US • Isolationism: refusal to be involved in political events abroad -ends for US

  7. Germany Attacks the USSR • June 1941, Hitler sends 3 million men into Russia • Blitzkrieg effective at first • By autumn still had not conquered Moscow, Stalingrad, Leningrad (St. Petersburg) • USSR cuts off all supplies to Stalingrad • Stalin “sieges a siege” -winter 1942 -1943 • 1 million Soviets die • Out of 250,000 Germans: 90,000 captured, nearly 100,000 died

  8. Battle of the Atlantic • German navy is small • Largest warship of it’s time “The Bismarck” destroyed by British in less than 2 weeks • Germany relies on U-boats to disrupt supply lines and enigma code to send secret communications • By 1943, the U.S. can out-produce destroyed airplanes and ships

  9. War in North Africa & Italy • German-Italian AfrikaKorpshas many early wins, but has vulnerable supply lines • Allies want control of Suez Canal to get Middle East oil supplies • Battle of El Alamein (1942), German General Erwin Rommel loses to British due to lack of supplies • By May 1943, American, French & British troops control all of Africa

  10. Battle of the Pacific • Japanese control much of the Pacific • b/c they’re well supplied & near home • US Navy severely weakened by Pearl Harbor attack • Capture more than 70,000 Allies –Bataan Death March • Battle of Midway -1st Allied Victory due to code breaking • Allies begin “island hopping” –Battle of Guadalcanal • Japan retaliates with Kamikazes

  11. The End of the War -Europe • Soviets push west from Stalingrad; US, British, French push east from the Atlantic • D-day: Allied attack of Normandy, France • June 6, 1944 • 150,000 men landed on the same day by sea & air • Germayn continues to fight for 11 more months • V-E Day, May 7, 1945 war in Europe ends

  12. The Holocaust –”Great Raging Fire” • Long tradition of anti-Semitism in Europe • Nuremburg Laws passed in 1937 to exclude Jews from mainstream German life • Kristallnacht “night of broken glass”: November 1938 in Germany & Austria • Jewish homes & businesses vandalized • Synagogues destroyed • 25% of Jewish men in Germany arrested

  13. “The Final Solution” • Ghettos –walled off sections of cities where all Jews had to live • Concentration camps • From France, Poland & other German held territory –Jews put on trains to work in slave labor camps in Eastern Europe • Used to produce necessities for the army • Those who were not “essential” –the old, sick and young children were gassed & cremated • Death marches • Hitler’s ultimate goal was to exterminate “the Jewish race”

  14. The End of the War -Asia • US bombing raids of Tokyo begin in summer 0f 1944 • Battle of Iwo Jima & Battle of Okinawa • Japanese fight to the death and heavy American losses • July, 1945 US asks for Japanese surrender • Atomic Bomb • Aug. 6, 1945 bombing of Hiroshima • Aug. 9, 1945 bombing of Nagasaki • V-J Day Japan surrenders, August 15, 1945

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