Lecture 8: Java’s Observable & Observer

CSC 313 – Advanced Programming Topics Lecture 8:Java’s Observable & Observer

Observer Pattern in Java • Java ♥ Observer Pattern & uses everywhere • Find pattern in JButton & ActionListeners • Tracking mouse in Swing using Observer Pattern • Much of the multi-threaded API uses this • Event-based code needs Observers to work • Not limited to Java; true for most OO languages

java.util.Observable • Among original classes included in Java • Works with java.util.Observer interface • Observable manages Observersin code void addObserver(Observer o)void deleteObserver(Observer o)void deleteObservers() intcountObservers()

Handling Updates • Observable will support push model… void notifyObserver(Object arg) … and pull model can also be used void notifyObserver() booleanhasChanged() void clearChanged() void setChanged() • Notifications sent to Observer’s only method void update(Observable o, Object arg)

Using Observable Problem public class CSCClass {private Observable obs;// Lots of unimportant code herepublic void cancelClass() {obs.notifyObservers(“Go ski”);} }

Bad & Worse Design Decisions • No update was sent

Bad & Worse Design Decisions • No update was sent; everyone went to class

Bad & Worse Design Decisions • No update was sent; everyone went to class • notifyObservers misnamed horribly • Should be notifyObserversIfChanged • Must call setChangedbefore notifying • Use of notifyObservers inconsistent, too • Calls clearChangedautomatically once updates sent

Updated Code public class CSCClass {private Observable obs;// Lots of unimportant code herepublic void cancelClass() {obs.setChanged();obs.notifyObservers(“Go ski”);} }

Next Attempt public class CSCClass {private Observable obs;// Lots of unimportant code herepublic void cancelClass() {obs.setChanged();obs.notifyObservers(“Go ski”);} }

Next Attempt public class CSCClass {private Observable obs;// Lots of unimportant code herepublic void cancelClass() {obs.setChanged();obs.notifyObservers(“Go ski”);} } setChanged has protected access

%&#*@ Awful Design

%&#*@ Awful Design • setChanged & clearChangedprotected access • java.util package is sealed; cannot write class for it • Can only be called & used from within subclass • Must write subclass of Observable to use it • As this is Java, that class cannot extend others • Updates received in method of Observer: void update(Observable o, Object arg) • This really means that can onlypush 1 object • Kills point of push model since cannot push much

%&#*@ Awful Design • setChanged & clearChangedprotected access • java.util package is sealed; cannot write class for it • Can only be called & used from within subclass • Must write subclass of Observable to use it • As this is Java, that class cannot extend others • Updates received in method of Observer: void update(Observable o, Object arg) • This really means that can onlypush 1 object • Kills point of push model since cannot push much Useless

Final Attempt public class CSCClassextends Observable {public void cancelClass() {setChanged(); notifyObservers(“Go ski”);} } public class Student implements Observer {public void update(Observable o, Object arg) { String s = (String)arg; if (s.equals(“Get here NOW!!!”)) // Go skiing else // Go to class; think about skiing} }

Final Attempt

Observable Pros & Cons • Cons: • Pros:

Observable Pros & Cons • Cons: • Need a subclass of Observable to use • Must call setChange before notifyObservers • Can push only 1 object to Observers • Pros: • Already has code to add & remove Observers • Easy to rewrite and improve upon this design

For Next Lecture • Two (short) readings available on web • Will start looking into how code is optimized • How does Java run & make programs faster? • What can we do to make our code faster? • Using final can be huge. Why would it matter? • Lab #2 due in 1 week & available on Angel • Make sure that you also check the grading rubric • Help available in WTC206 during the lab time

Lecture 8: Java’s Observable & Observer