2 nd Semester Test Review

1. 2nd Semester Test Review

2. What are the three main parts of environment that influence personality? • FAMILY • FRIENDS • CULTURE

3. What are the two main factors that determine how a personality develops? HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT

4. What stage of personality development are high school students in? SEARCH FOR IDENTITY

5. This trait describes that you are responsible and self-disciplined. (possibly room clean and orderly) CONSCIENTIOUS

6. Stages of personality development. • Develop trust – birth to 18 months. • Learn to be independent – 18 months to 3 years. • Take initiative – 3 to 6 years. • Develop skills – 6 to 12 years. • Search for identity – 12 to 19 years. • Establish intimacy – 20 to 40 years. • Create and nurture – 40 to 65 years. • Look back with acceptance – 65+ years.

7. Typical behaviors of people with high self esteem: • Accept themselves for who they are. • Realistic view of their strengths and weaknesses. • Maintain a positive attitude.

8. Average change of self- esteem between stages: Childhood to Adolescence DOWN Adolescence to Adulthood UP Adulthood to Senior Citizen DOWN (page 38)

9. Hierarchy of Needs 3 Safety Needs - shelter from elements - feel safe from violence - enough money

10. Learned Emotions - love - guilt - shame

11. The important first step in dealing with emotions in a healthy way is RECOGNIZING YOUR EMOTIONS

12. Defense Mechanisms Denial – refusing to recognize a problem Reaction Formation – behaving in a way opposite to the way that you feel Regression – returning to immature behaviors to express emotions

13. Defense Mechanisms Compensation – making up for weaknesses in one area by excelling in another area Projection – putting your own faults onto another person Rationalization – making excuses for actions or feelings

14. True or False One helpful way of coping with emotions is to confront the situation head on. TRUE

15. What is the trait that describes how responsible and self-disciplined you are? AGREEABLENESS

16. What is how much you like and respect yourself? SELF-ESTEEM

17. The response of your body and mind to being challenged or threatened. - normal part of life - can be positive or negative STRESS

18. Positive stress - EUSTRESS Negative stress – DISTRESS

19. Event or situation that causes stress. STRESSOR

20. Stages of Stress 1st – Alarm 2nd – Resistance 3rd – Exhaustion

21. Warning signs of stress during the alarm stage: ADRENALINE RELEASED HEART BEATS FASTER BREATHING SPEEDS UP MUSCLES TENSE

22. After you recognize the warning signs of stress, you should: TRY TO IDENTIFY THE STRESSOR

23. Yes or No Stress may cause: Asthma Yes Headaches Yes Ulcers No (page 63)

24. True or False How you react to a stressor depends on the way other people react. FALSE

25. The tendency to focus on the positive aspects of a situation – OPTIMISM

26. The tendency to focus on the negative and expect the worst – PESSIMISM

27. True or False One of the best ways to deal with extreme or prolonged stress is to build a support system to improve your resilience. TRUE

28. True or False Confiding in yourself by writing in a journal is a good strategy for building resilience. TRUE

29. True or False Stress can improve your ability to concentrate and perform at your best. TRUE (helps you focus)

30. A person who accepts nothing less than excellence – PERFECTIONIST

31. True or False Different people often have different responses to the same stressor. TRUE

32. True or False One of the warning signs of stress is being supportive of others. FALSE

33. An illness that affects the mind and reduces a person’s ability to function, to adjust to change, or to get along with others. MENTAL DISORDER

34. Doesn’t pay attention to others, is disorganized, is easily distracted, talks excessively and has trouble working quietly are signs of ADHD – ATTENTION-DEFICIT / HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

35. Causes of mental disorders - PHYSICAL FACTORS - HEREDITY - EARLY EXPERIENCES -RECENT EXPERIENCES

36. Fear caused by a source you cannot identify or a source that doesn’t pose as much threat as you think. ANXIETY

37. Not eating enough food to maintain a healthy body weight. ANOREXIA NERVOSA

38. Not eating enough food to maintain a healthy body weight. ANOREXIA NERVOSA

39. Main health risk of Binge Eating Disorder. EXCESS WEIGHT GAIN

40. The symptoms of this disorder are feeling sad and hopeless for months, being unable to enjoy activities that were once a source of pleasure, and sometimes being unable to accomplish daily tasks. CLINICAL DEPRESSION

41. Risk factors of depression • RELATIVE WITH A MOOD DISORDER • MAJOR LIFE CHANGE • PREVIOUS BOUT OF DEPRESSION • A SENSE OF HOPELESSNESS

42. Making up stories to explain new scars and wearing long pants and long-sleeved shirts during hot weather may be signs of what? SELF-INJURY

43. Reasons why a person may not seek help for a mental disorder - DON’T RECOGNIZE THEY HAVE ONE - THINK THEY CAN HANDLE IT THEMSELVES - DON’T KNOW WHERE TO GET HELP

44. A type of mental health professional who can prescribe medicine for clinical depression. PSYCHIATRIST

45. Type of psychotherapy that helps people better understand the reasons for their behavior. INSIGHT THERAPY

46. True or False A person with binge eating disorder is likely to have an irritated throat and eroded tooth enamel. FALSE (bulimia)

47. True or False Bulimia may begin in connection with a diet. TRUE

48. True or False Most suicides occur without a warning. TRUE

49. To calculate alcohol content from proof, divide by two. What is the alcohol content of 60-proof vodka? 30 PERCENT

50. True or False Advertisements influence underage drinking by showing drinkers in beautiful or fun scenarios. TRUE