KINGDOM ANIMALIA

1. KINGDOM ANIMALIA Fun stuff!!

2. ANIMALIA : 9 MAIN PHYLA • Porifera • Cnidaria • Platyhelminths • Nematoda • Annelida • Mollusca • Arthropoda • Echinodermata • Chordata

3. 3 GERM OR CELL LAYERS • Ectoderm – outer layer cover • Mesoderm – Muscle & organ layer • Endoderm – Digestive tract

4. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ANIMALIA

5. PHYLUM PORIFERA • Sponges • Simple creatures • Marine & fresh water • No true tissues, so no organs • No specialized cellular function • Most are Hermaphroditic - perform female & male functions • Can reproduce sexually or asexually • Sessile – do not move • Suspension feeders • If you cut a sponge, it will spontaneously reaggregate back into a sponges

6. ARE YOU SPONGEWORTHY?

7. PORIFERA PHYSIOLOGY • Water flows into the sponge through Porocytes, entering a cavity called Spongocoel • The spongocoel is lined with feeding cells called choanocytes • Choanocytes beat their flagella to create a current that draws water into the porocytes • Ameobocytes – transfer nutrients to other cells of the sponge’s body

8. CNIDARIA • Eumetazoans • Jellyfish & Corals • Radial Symmetry • Lack Mesoderm • 2 Body arrangements: • Polyp – Asexual, cylinder-shaped, & Attached • Medusa – Sexual, flat, and Roams for food • Use tentacles to capture & eat prey

9. CNIDARIA

10. QUESTIONS • Are Cnidarians protosomes or deuterosomes? • How do sponges feed? • What are Choanocytes & what is their function?

11. PLATYHELMINTHS • Flatworms • Acoelomates • Protosomes • Bilaterally symmetrical • Some Cephalization – Formation of head structure • 3 Important forms • Flukes – Parasitic & alternate between asex & sex reprod. • Planarians – Free-living carnivores in fresh water • Tapeworms – Parasitic flatworms that tend to live in vertebrates, like humans!!

13. ROTIFERA • Pseudocoelomates • Bilateral Symmetry • Separate mouth & anus • Microscopic • True digestive canal

14. NEMATODA • Roundworms • Protosomes • Pseudocoelomates • Bilaterally Symmetric • Some cause Trichinosis • GI illness due to tainted pork

15. MOLLUSCA • Snails, slugs, octopus, & squid • Protosomes • Coelomates – full digestive systems • Soft body with calcium-containing shell • Bilateral symmetry • Bivalves – Clams and Oysters • Have hinged shells that are divided into 2 parts

17. ANNELIDA • Segmented Worm • Earthworms & Leaches • Protosome, Bilaterally Symmetrical, Coelomates • Digestive tract is tube-within-a-tube • Hermaphroditic • Blood with hemoglobin • Closed circulatory system • Gas diffusion across skin • Nephridia used for excretion – precursor to kidneys

19. EARTHWORM ANATOMY

20. ARTHROPODA • Protosome Coelomate • Jointed Appendages • Segmented: head, thorax, & abdomen • Chitinous exoskeleton • May have a larval stage • Open circulatory system • Malphigian tubules – removes nitrogenous waste • Trachea – air ducts, bring air in from the environment • Some have book lungs or gills

22. ECHINODERMATA • Sea stars • Deuterosome coelomates • Sessile or slow moving • Bilateral symmetry as embryo, but reverts to primitive form of symmetry (radial) as an adult • Water Vascular system • Sexual Reproduction – External fertilization • Asexual Reproduction – fragmentation & regeneration • Calcium based endoskeleton

23. ECHINODERMATA PHYSIOLOGY

24. Examples of Echinoderms

25. CHORDATA • Deuterosome coelomates • Invertebrates & Vertebrates • Vertebrates – possessing backbone • Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord – forms the nervous system & becomes the Brain & spinal cord • Notochord – Long support rod that is replaced by bone in vertebrates • Pharyngeal Gill slits – functions in breathing or feeding • Tail – Lost in many animals by birth

26. CHORDATES • Can be homeothermic (homo – same) or poikilothermic • Homeothermic – maintains consistent body temperature • Birds & Mammals • Poikilothermic – Cold blooded, attain heat from external environment • Iguanas and cold environment

27. COMPLETE THE TABLE

28. COMPLETED TABLE