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INTRODUCTION TO EGYPT

INTRODUCTION TO EGYPT. CHAPTER 2, SECTION 2. THE NILE RIVER. Flows from the highlands of East-Central Africa to the Mediterranean Sea 4,100 Miles, the longest river in the World Made surrounding lands very fertile due to yearly flooding Grow Wheat and Barley Irrigation System

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INTRODUCTION TO EGYPT

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO EGYPT CHAPTER 2, SECTION 2

  2. THE NILE RIVER • Flows from the highlands of East-Central Africa to the Mediterranean Sea • 4,100 Miles, the longest river in the World • Made surrounding lands very fertile due to yearly flooding • Grow Wheat and Barley • Irrigation System • Yearly Cycle: Flood, Plant, then Harvest • Upper and Lower Egypt

  3. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES • Nile flooded at the same time every year • Flooding is still a threat whether it be too much water or not enough water • Surrounded by vast deserts

  4. CULTURAL DIFFUSION • Contact with the peoples of Mesopotamia • Trade • Upper and Lower regions • Mesopotamia • Nubia and Kush • For its 3,000 year history Egypt was a land of cultural, ethnic, and racial diversity

  5. KINGDOM • 3,100 B.C. the King of Upper Egypt, Menes, united all of Egypt • Egypt would eventually consist of 31 Dynasties, spanning 2,600 years • The first 2 Dynasties are not recorded very well • The 3rd Dynasty-2,660 to 2,180-begins the period known as the Old Kingdom

  6. PHARAOHS • Egyptian Kings are known as Gods • Known as Pharaohs: God-Kings • Pharaohs were at the center of Egypt’s… • Religion • Government • Army • Theocracy: type of government in which the ruler is a divine figure • Duties of the Pharaohs

  7. PYRAMID BUILDERS • Belief that the king ruled even after his death • Ka: eternal spirit, which continued to take part in the governing of Egypt • Since kings ruled forever their tombs were even more important than their palaces • Pyramid: the kings resting place after death • The Old Kingdom was the great age of pyramid building in ancient Egypt • Granite and Limestone • Strength in Government, Leadership and Economics

  8. CULTURE • Polytheistic • Ra: Sun God • Horus: God of Light • Isis: Goddess, represented the ideal wife and mother • Worshiped more than 2,000 Gods and Goddesses • Built huge temples to honor the major deities • Belief in an afterlife • Osiris: God of the Dead • Mummification: embalming and drying the corpse to prevent it from decaying

  9. EGYPTION GODS • RA: Sun God • Horus: God of Light • Isis: Goddess, Mother and Wife • Osiris: God of the Dead

  10. SOCIETY • Social Classes/Hierarchy King, Queen, Royal Family___________> Wealthy landowners, Priests, Gov. officials and Army commanders__> Merchants and Artisans______> Peasant farmers and Unskilled Workers________________>

  11. SOCIETY CONT’D • Slaves • Ability to move up the social ladder • Women • Wealthy and Middle-class women could own and trade property • Could propose marriage and ask for a divorce • If granted a divorce the woman was entitled to one-third of the couples property

  12. WRITING • Hieroglyphics, Greek for “sacred carving” • Papyrus: reeds that grew in the marshy delta of the Nile

  13. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • Number system-counting, adding and subtracting • Geometry • Architecture • Calendar • Medicine

  14. END OF THE OLD KINGDOM • Power of the Pharaohs declined about 2,180 B.C. • Short lived Middle Kingdom • Asian-nomadic chariot riders • Egypt will rise again with the New Kingdom

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