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Heinrich Himmler: 1900-1945. Himmler was the leader of the SS (the Schutzstaffel ; protections squadrons) and was Eichmann’s boss. Himmler’s soldiers were responsible for killing the Jews and he personally oversaw the operations. Joseph Goebbels 1897-1945.
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Heinrich Himmler:1900-1945 Himmler was the leader of the SS (the Schutzstaffel; protections squadrons) and was Eichmann’s boss. Himmler’s soldiers were responsible for killing the Jews and he personally oversaw the operations.
Joseph Goebbels 1897-1945 The Nazi Propaganda Minister who was responsible for controlling what people thought. He created much of the anti-Semitic and war propaganda in Nazi Germany.
Death Camps were located mainly in Poland and sprang up after 1942. Auschwitz was the largest as 1.5 million were killed there.
Concentration Camps were located all over Europe. These were the work camps where many died by “natural causes.”
Famous doctor from Auschwitz that conducted numerous medical experiments on victims; loved to work on twins. Escaped punishment and is rumored to have died in Argentina around 1979. The Angel of Death: Dr. Josef Mengele
1. The defeat of Germany began with the D-Day invasion of France (June 6, 1944). Was codenamed Operation Overlord. 2. The Germans were pushed back toward Germany during the fall and early winter of 1944. In December of 1944, they launched a counter-attack known as the Battle of the Bulge. 3. Germany was defeated in their last attempt to win the war (Battle of the Bulge) and the Allied forces quickly advance into Germany. 4. With the Soviets pushing in from the East and the Allies from the West, the noose was tightening around Germany.
5. On April 25, 1945 the Soviet Army surrounded Berlin and began attacking the city. 6. On April 29, 1945 Hitler married his longtime mistress Eva Braun and the next day they committed suicide. 7. On May 9, 1945 Germany officially surrendered and WWII was over in Europe (V-E Day). The focus quickly shifted to Japan.
1. The defeat of Japan began in October 1944 at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Here, Japan launched their last attempt to win the war. 2. The Japanese used Kamikazes (suicide pilots) to sink as many Allied ships as possible. It was a total disaster for the Japanese. 3. In April 1945, the bloodiest battle of the war began at Okinawa, by June it was over and 100,000 Japanese were dead. Japan was on her knees but refused to surrender. 4. The Japanese mainland was left, but military advisors told that it would cost 500,000 lives. There was an alternative…
5. American forces had developed the Atomic Bomb (Manhattan Project) and were ready to use it 6. After issuing warnings to surrender, the U.S. dropped its first Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima (8/6/45) 80,000 were killed 7. On August 9, 1945 a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki killing another 70,000
Leaflets like this one were dropped on major Japanese cities warning of the unleashing of a “new destructive weapon” that the US was going to use to end the war. People were told to leave the cities as soon as possible. Many did not heed that warning.
Nagasaki before the attack Nagasaki after the attack
The exact moment the Nuclear Age Began? August 6, 1945, at 9:15 AM (Tokyo time)
By a flash of the heat rays with temperatures well over a 1,000 degrees or possibly 2,000 degrees centigrade, that person was incinerated on the stone steps. Up to about 10 years after the explosion, the shadow remained clearly on the stones
"In the early stages, the only treatment I received for my burns …I do not know how many times I yelled "kill me!" because of the severe pain and desperate feeling."
August 18 --Hair falling out is noticed; August 19 --Bleeding from gum, and purplish subcutaneous hemorrhage starts to appear as in the photograph; August 30 --Is hospitalized in the Ujina Branch of the Army Hospital, and on the 31st becomes feverish; September 1 --Tonsillitis occurs and with a sore throat he can not eat. Bleeding from gum dose not stop, and subcutaneous hemorrhage multiplies on face and upper half of body: September 2 --Has an indistinct consciousness and starts to talk in delirium. September 3 --Died at 9:30 p.m.
8. On September 2, 1945 on the USS Missouri the Japanese signed the surrender and the war in the Pacific was over (V-J Day).
The Famous Time Square Kiss taken by Alfred Eisenstaedt on VJ Day. This picture came to symbolize the end of WWII has been become an iconic photography in American History.
1. November 1945—October 1946, 22 of the highest ranking Nazi officials were put on trial by the International Military Tribunal (IMT). 2. Defendants were charged with four possible crimes: Conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, Planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. 3. The defendants all stated that they were simply following orders and were therefore not guilty. 4. The Court did not agree, and found 19 of the 22 guilty of one of the four counts. Sentences ranged from death to ten years of hard labor
What is the legacy of Nuremberg? 1. Individual accountability: YOU are responsible for YOUR actions; following orders IS NOT a justifiable defense. 2. Sets the precedent for future war crime trials, and established international laws that were not to be violated.
1. Like the Nuremberg Trials, Japanese officials were charged with human rights violations, crimes against humanity, waging wars, and war crimes. 2. Japanese officials also claimed they were just following orders and the outcome was the same.
The Legacy of WWII 1. The United States Army occupied Japan and forced them to accept a new Constitution that was based on our own. 2. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the two world super powers, and began a competition with each other for control of the world (Cold War) 3. The Nuremberg and Tokyo war crime Trials were the first time that nations were held accountable for atrocities. 4. The World has been divided into two camps: Democracy Vs. Communism.
