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Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology. Chapter 1. The Systems- Review Table…. Done! And we made our Cadaver Models.

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Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1

  2. The Systems- Review Table… • Done! And we made our Cadaver Models. • IMPORTANT POINT: Models are only representative of structures/functions. They give us something to manipulate to help us understand or a way for us to see a process/concept that we can’t normally see. • Models are important in science BUT they are not perfect. • A model can be 3D, a 2D picture or animation…etc.

  3. Organs are PACKED in!

  4. What is Anatomy & Physiology? • Anatomy • study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts • Physiology • study of how the body and its parts work or function

  5. Anatomy – Levels of Study • Gross Anatomy • Large structures • Easily observable

  6. Anatomy – Levels of Study • Microscopic Anatomy • Very small structures • Can only be viewed with a microscope Figure 14.4

  7. How does MICRO & MACRO relate to A&P? • Majority of this class focuses on the organ system level BUT to understand how organs work we need to understand the microscopic structures & chemical reactions which happen there!

  8. Structural and Functional Organization www.hkpe.net/.../images/body_levels.jpg

  9. Understanding Diagrams is vital to science! Using this picture you and your table should 1. fill in as many graphically represented body systems & parts as you can 2. describe what the arrows depict 3. then write a paragraph describing what the diagram is depicting in general on the back of the paper. I will be coming around to help you

  10. Integumentary food CO2 O2 Respiratory Digestive Cells nutrients Nutrients/O2 in Waste/CO2 out Cardiovascular Interstitial fluid Nitrogenous Waste/Salts Urinary feces Urine

  11. Example: The picture depicts how all of the organ systems are connected. We can see that the integumentary system protects the body from the external environment. The digestive & respiratory system take in nutrients & oxygen which are distributed throughout the body by the circulatory system. The circulatory system then moves waste products to the respiratory system (carbon dioxide) & excretory system (urine).

  12. Important POINT! • NO organ system is completely separate from another. They all work together. • YOU CAN live (a long healthy life) with out one of the systems…which one???

  13. Homeostasis • Your body works because it’s constantly working to achieve homeostasis. • Homeo= same • Stasis= state

  14. Whenever you do anything you put your homeostasis in jeopardy. • Ex: drinking fanta = LOTS of sugar • = high blood sugar = release of insulin = absorption of sugar in to cells to be metabolized  • If you do not produce insulin = diabetic, then you have a major problem b/c unmetabolized sugar is DEADLY. YOUR HOMEOSTASIS is out of wack!

  15. Negative feedback loops: • Loop opposes the stimulus • Becomes too hot-action is to cool down OR too cold & shiver to warm up. • Used to regulate body phyiology (not just temperature) • Ex: home central heat/air

  16. Positive Feedback loops: • Increases the stimulus • “vicious cycle” • Not a way to regulate b/c drives body away form balance • Sometimes it IS necessary… • Ex: Child birth • Contractions continue to increase in strength until baby is born

  17. Overview of Homeostasis Figure 1.4

  18. Answer the following question on your own on a sheet of paper & put your answer in the bin. • When becoming dehydrated we usually feel thirsty which causes us to drink fluids. Determine whether the thirst sensation is part of a negative or positive feedback loop and defend your choice.

  19. 1. Fix your cadaver. Use the books in this room to check placement. • 2. Take tracing paper & create the regions (with names) over your organs. • A) On a separate sheet of paper draw the regions and their names & then list the organs that fall in each region. • 3. Take a new sheet of tracing paper & create the quadrants over your organs. • A) On the other side of your paper draw the quadrants/names & list the organs in each.

  20. The Language of Anatomy • Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding • Exact terms are used for: • Position • Direction • Regions • Structures

  21. Liver Gall bladder Stomach Lg/Sm Intestine Diaphragm Liver Stomach Lg/sm intestine Diaphram Lg/sm intestine Bladder • Lg/sm Intestine • Bladder

  22. Body Planes Figure 1.6

  23. Visible Human Project • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/mpeg/umd_video.mpg • http://www.madsci.org/~lynn/VH/planes.html

  24. Visible Human Project • http://anatquest.nlm.nih.gov/AnatQuest/AwtCsViewer/aq-cutaway.html • Cavities in reality

  25. Body Cavities Figure 1.7

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