Chapter 2 The Planting of English America 1500-1733

1. Chapter 2The Planting of English America1500-1733

2. England v. Spain: Protestant v. Catholics1558: England v. Spain = Protestants v. Catholics. Queen Elizabeth in throne 1558English colonization motivation: Spread Protestantism and gain wealth—that “sea dog” Sir Francis Drake!Early attempts: Newfoundland and RoanokeDefeat of Spanish Armada: big defeat! England now ready for colonization. Why?

3. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling • 1606 – Joint-stock company called the Virginia Company provided the financial means to support a settlement • Charter stated that the members could bring Christianity to the natives, explore for precious metals, trade with the natives and to look for the Northwest Passage

4. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling (Real reason: Economic gain.) • Owners advertised to those seeking adventure • 3 ships sailed (Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery) • 1607 – Jamestown Settlement established

5. Jamestown Settlement, 1609

6. Jamestown Fort, 1609

7. Jamestown Settlement

8. Jamestown Settlement

9. Jamestown Housing

10. Jamestown Chapel, 1611

11. English Migration: 1610-1660 Head Right System

12. Problems at Jamestown • Gentlemen = Only 12 were skilled laborers • Wasted time looking for gold • Didn’t plant crops resulting in a food shortage led to “The Starving Time” – Winter of 1609-1610 • Caught malaria – swampy location • 2/3rds died • Weather • Only men • Lack of leadership

13. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake • Poor relationship with local tribes because Europeans considered Indians to be heathens who were the inferior beings

14. Powhatan Confederacy

15. PowhatanIndian Village

16. Native American Population in North America

17. 1622 IndianUprisings

18. Virginia: Child of Tobacco Solutions of Jamestown: • John Smith became leader • “He who shall not work shall not eat.” • Developed good relationship with Powhatan as mentioned in his journal entitled The Generall Historie of Virginia

19. Captain John Smith

20. Who is Pocahontas?

21. The Pocahontas Connection • Saved Captain John Smith (story might be a myth) • She was kidnapped, held as ransom in exchange for English prisoners • Converted to Christianity, renamed “Rebecca” • While a hostage she Married John Rolfe • Sailed to England • Went to the Banqueting Hall where the she met Queen Anne, wife of James I See video!

22. John Rolfe

23. Banqueting Hall

24. Pocahontas

25. Pocahontas boards a ship for Virginia • On her way back to Virginia she boards a ship and dies of smallpox. • St. George’s Church in Gravesend, England.

30. Jamestown Colonization Pattern:1620-1660

31. Early Colonial Tobacco 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

32. Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement? (Possible FRQ)

33. Virginia: Child of Tobacco • John Rolfe developed a cash crop -- tobacco • 1619 – large influx of supplies, slaves, and women from England • Poor women agreed to be auctioned in marriage for $80 of tobacco once they arrived at Jamestown = “Tobacco Brides” • Virginia House of Burgesses established (form of parliament/government) • Colonists could own private property

34. VirginiaHouse of Burgesses

35. Tobacco • Tobacco required more land so Chesapeake region expanded faster than New England

36. 17c Population in the Chesapeake

37. Population of Chesapeake Colonies: 1610-1750

38. Colonization of Maryland

39. George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

40. Maryland: Catholic Haven • 2nd Lord Baltimore = Cecil Calvert (son of George Calvert) • Proprietary Colony (Had an owner) • Religious tolerance = Refuge for Catholics • Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 was the earliest colonial law related to religious freedom

41. The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America • Slavery = A cheap labor force was needed that wouldn’t rebel • Barbados set the stage for statutes governing slaves in North America • The Dutch sold he first slaves in Jamestown in 1619

42. Settling the Lower South

43. Port of Charles Town, SC The only southern port city.

44. Southern Colonies added… • Eight men asked Charles II for a proprietary colony • The Carolinas were formed with Charles Town as the capital • Eventually it became North and South Carolina • Also known as “The Restoration Colonies” • Colonization was interrupted by the Civil War in England in the 1640’s, therefore, the time period after the war when Charles II was restored to the throne was called the Restoration Period) you member from last year.

45. Colonizing the Carolinas • 8 proprietors chosen by Charles II would run the colonies • Exported rice and Indian slaves • Formed North and South Carolina

46. Crops of the Carolinas Rice Indigo

47. Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-1775

48. Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony • James Oglethorpe established • Haven for people imprisoned for debt • Acted as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas

49. The Last Southern Colony was Georgia • Religion was NOT the reason it was founded • Provided a refuge for people who couldn’t pay their debts (bills) • Emptied out the debtor prisons in England • Also acted as a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida

50. James Oglethorpe made friends with the Creek Indians