1 / 42

BLOOD

BLOOD. Modified type of CT. Blood constituents: A. Blood plasma:55% of blood volume includes: 90 % water. 10 % : inorganic salts and organic substances: mainly plasma proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen and prothromin ). .

zach
Télécharger la présentation

BLOOD

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. BLOOD Modified type of CT

  2. Blood constituents: • A. Blood plasma:55% of blood volumeincludes: • 90 % water. • 10 % : inorganic saltsand organic substances: mainly plasma proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen and prothromin).

  3. B. blood elements: These constitute about 45 % of total blood volume. They are the: • 1-red blood corpuscles (R.B.Cs) • 2-the white blood cells (W.B.Cs) or leukocytes including a-the granular leucocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and b-the agranular leucocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes) • 3-the blood platelets

  4. Observation of a blood film

  5. Red blood corpuscles (R.B.Cs)

  6. R.B.Cs count: • Average R.B.Cs count in normal malesis 5 - 5.5 millions / mm3 blood, whereas in females it is 4.5-5 millions / mm3 blood. • Life Span of R.B.Cs.: • It is about 100-120 days..

  7. Shape: biconcave discs. Nucleus: non nucleated. Size: their diameter ranges between 7.2-7.8 in blood films. It’s cytoplasm: contains Hemoglobin concentrated at the periphery.

  8. Abnormalities in R.B.Cs.: • Abnormalities in the number of R.B.Cs: • i- Polycythaemia: i.e. increase in the total number of R.B.Cs. • ii- Anaemia: i.e. decrease in the total number of R.B.Cs.

  9. Abnormalities in the size of R.B.Cs.: • Anisocytosis: when there are R.B.Cs. of variable sizes. • i- Microcytes: when the diameter of R.B.Cs.is less than 6. • ii- Macrocytes: when the diameter of R.B.Cs.is more than 10.

  10. Poikilocytosis: when R.B.Cs present in a blood film with variable shapes. • Sickle cell anaemia

  11. Leucocytes • Normal Count: • The average total W.B.Cs. count is 4000-10000 / mm3 blood.

  12. Leucocytes (W.B.Cs)

  13. Granular leukocytes A-Neutrophils B-Eosinophils C-Basophils

  14. Neutrophils66-70% of leukocytic count

  15. Neutrophil Barr’s body

  16. Functions of Neutrophils: P.N.Ls (neutrophils) are the first line of defense against any invading micro-organism

  17. Abnormal Neutrophil Count: -Neutrophilia: i.e. abnormal increase in the number of neutrophils. This is observed in acute inflammations e.g. appendicitis, tonsillitis. -Neutropenia: i.e. abnormal decrease in the number of neutrophils e.g. in influenza, typhoid fever.

  18. Eosinophils1-4% of leukocytic count

  19. Function of Eosinophils: They are responsible for regulation of allergic immune reactions.

  20. Abnormal Eosinophil Counts: 1-Eosinophilia: i.e. abnormal increase in the number of eosinophils as in: - Allergic reactions e.g. asthma, urticaria -Parasitic infections e.g. Bilharziasis. 2-Eosinopenia:i.e. abnormal decrease in the number of eosinophils e.g. as result of prolonged corticosteroid therapy .

  21. Basophils0-1% of leukocytic count

  22. Basophil

  23. Function of Basophils: Basophils are responsible for the release of Histamine in systemic allergic reaction

  24. Agranular leukocytes

  25. Monocyte 3-8% Kidney-shaped nucleus platelets

  26. Functions of Monocytes: Monocytes are phagocytic cells. Abnormal Monocytes Count: Monocytosis: is an abnormalincrease in the number of blood monocytes. It occurs in diseases like malaria, typhus, viral infections

  27. Lymphocyte Monocyte

  28. Lymphocytes 20-25% Large, indented nucleus

  29. Abnormal Lymphocytic Count: Lymphocytosis: It is an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes as in: -lymphatic leukaemia - chronic infections e.g. tuberculosis, syphilis, whooping cough.

  30. Platelets 150,000-350,00/mm3 (about ¼ - ½ million/mm3).

  31. Blood platelet

  32. Function of Blood Platelets: Blood platelets are concerned with: - the process of thrombus formation (blood clotting) in response to any vascular endothelial injury to prevent excessive blood loss. - clot retraction and removal of the blood clot after healing of the vessel wall to re-establish the flow of the blood.

  33. In an ideal blood smear you can identify many formed blood elements

More Related