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Set Theory

Set Theory. Set Theory. 3.1 Sets and Subsets. A well-defined collection of objects. (the set of outstanding people, outstanding is very subjective). finite sets, infinite sets, cardinality of a set, subset. A ={1,3,5,7,9} B ={ x | x is odd} C ={1,3,5,7,9,...}

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Set Theory

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  1. Set Theory

  2. Set Theory 3.1 Sets and Subsets A well-defined collection of objects (the set of outstanding people, outstanding is very subjective) finite sets, infinite sets, cardinality of a set, subset A={1,3,5,7,9} B={x|x is odd} C={1,3,5,7,9,...} cardinality of A=5 (|A|=5) A is a proper subset of B. C is a subset of B.

  3. Sets and Subsets subsets set equality

  4. Sets and Subsets common notations (a) Z=the set of integers={0,1,-1,2,-1,3,-3,...} (b) N=the set of nonnegative integers or natural numbers (c) Z+=the set of positive integers (d) Q=the set of rational numbers={a/b| a,b is integer, b not zero} (e) Q+=the set of positive rational numbers (f) Q*=the set of nonzero rational numbers (g) R=the set of real numbers (h) R+=the set of positive real numbers (i) R*=the set of nonzero real numbers (j) C=the set of complex numbers

  5. Sets and Subsets common notations (k) C*=the set of nonzero complex numbers (l) For any n in Z+, Zn={0,1,2,3,...,n-1} (m) For real numbers a,b with a<b, closed interval open interval half-open interval

  6. Set Operations and the Laws of Set Theory Def. 3.5 For A,B union a) intersection b) c) symmetric difference Def.3.6 mutually disjoint Def 3.7 complement Def 3.8 relative complement of A in B

  7. 3.2 Set Operations and the Laws of Set Theory Theorem 3.4 For any universe U and any set A,B in U, the following statements are equivalent: a) b) reasoning process c) d)

  8. Set Operations and the Laws of Set Theory The Laws of Set Theory

  9. Set Operations and the Laws of Set Theory The Laws of Set Theory

  10. Venn diagram U A A A B

  11. Set Operations and the Laws of Set Theory

  12. Set Operations and the Laws of Set Theory I: index set Generalized DeMorgan's Laws

  13. Cartesian product A   B of two sets A and B. The Cartesian product A  x B (read “A cross B”) of two sets A and B is defined as the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is a member of A and b is a member of B. • Example 1. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {a, b} the Cartesian product AB is given by   A xB = { (1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b), (3, a), (3, b) }

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