SMART TRANSMISION GRID INFRASTRUCTURE Author Universidad de los Andes

1. SMART TRANSMISION GRID INFRASTRUCTURE Author Universidad de los Andes I. INTRODUCTION B. POWER SYSTEM DATA FLUX INCREASED Considering that several devices are monitoring the power system, new important conditions to be handled emerge. Monitoring devices such as switchgear elements, protection relays, reclosers, among others, will be transmitting an ever-increasing amount of data through the communication infrastructure (this unstoppable increasing data flow in electrical systems is due to both economical and population growth); therefore, new schemes for transmitting and receiving data must be implemented. For instance; current communications are based in a star master-slave scheme, which has as many slaves as connected devices in the power systems; hence, master is overwhelmed by the huge volume of information and data sent by all measurement devices widespread installed (Fig 3). C. LOWER TIME IN CONTROL ACTIONS When a large scale disturbance occurs in the current power system, decision makers take several minutes for searching appropriate control actions; therefore, the entire power system would lay in blackout or brownout condition. In addition, disturbances due to sudden changes in demand or generation, contingencies, faults in transmissions systems could derive in an insecure condition. For taking control actions in lower time, both real time processing and data storing are necessary; thus, huge performance communication capabilities and fast computational systems must be implemented (Fig. 4). In conclusion, communication infrastructure is the backbone in the Smart Transmission development. So that, monitoring, data collecting and control actions will be added over the necessary robust, fast and ubiquitous communication system (Fig 5). In Smart Transmission Grid, which is the 2.0 version or the novel paradigm for the power systems, it is necessary to integrate both communications leading edge technologies and current electrical infrastructure. If we are going to build this new paradigm capable of: a) handling renewable energy; b) managing demand; c) Supplying moving demand; d) avoiding blackouts or lessening its effects, we must consider some new essential conditions (Fig 1). First, several measurement devices will be monitoring the power system. Second, amount of data will be transmitted from those devices. And third, control actions must be taken in few seconds. This poster presents some scenarios for real construction of the Smart Transmission Grid. Fig 3. Amount of data will be exist in complex power system. Fig 4. Fastly control actions, avoiding insecurity conditions, must be taken. Fig 1. Integrating scheme which includes renewable energy, demand side management, movile demand and selfhealing skills in power systems. II. REQUIREMENTS AND SCENEARIOS Multiple scenarios will occur due to the inclusion of new elements which play an important role in Smart Transmission. Measurement devices will be installed for monitoring systems to gain observability, higher traffic of data will exist in communication systems and dramatic need for small times in control actions will be necessary. All those new conditions thrust some others requirements in power systems and wea re going to review them. A. WIDESPREAD METERING Renewable sources of energy, demand side management, fault detection and some other conditions will exist in Smart Transmission Grid. Under those conditions, intensive allocation of measurement devices in the system should be done; as a result, a new communication scheme must be developed to handle and coordinate those devices. In addition, some of the current measurement devices have transmitting capabilities; consequently, communication infrastructure will grow at the same speed of the device installing process. This stage improves observability over the power system (Fig 2). Fig 5. Communication insfrastructure put together current electrical infrastructure and new elements for Smart Grids. III. CONCLUSIONS IV. REFERENCES [1] A. Aldana and R. Cespedes, “Implementation of smart grids in the Colombian electrical sector,” Innovative Smart Grid …, 2011. [2] A. Bose, T. Yang, and H. Sun, “Transition to a two-level linear state estimator—Part II: Algorithm,” Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 54–62, 2011. [3] F. Li, W. Qiao, H. Sun, and H. Wan, “Smart transmission grid: Vision and framework,” Smart Grid, IEEE …, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 168–177, 2010. [4] S. Matsumoto, Y. Serizawa, F. Fujikawa, T. Shioyama, Y. Ishihara, S. Katayama, T. Kase, and A. Ishibashi, “Wide-Area Situational Awareness (WASA) system based upon International standards,” 11th IET International Conference on Developments in Power Systems Protection (DPSP 2012), pp. 82–82, 2012. [5] T. Meenual, “Roadmapping the PEA Smart Grids,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010), pp. 1–6, Jun. 2010. [6] V. Terzija, G. Valverde, P. Regulski, V. Madani, J. Fitch, S. Skok, M. M. Begovic, and A. Phadke, “Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control of Future Electric Power Networks,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 80–93, Jan. 2011. Fig 2. Widespread monitoring is neccesary to gain observability in power systems