1. Wireless Technologies and Embedded Networked Sensing:Application to Integrated Urban Water Quality Management Miki Hondzo, Sung-Chul Kim, Paige Novak, William Arnold, Ray Hozalski, Nihar Jindal, Shashi Shekhar University of Minnesota Department of Civil Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering November 15, 2006 CLEANER CUASHI National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics

2. Ecological Degradation of Streams • Sustainable improvement of stream ecological conditions requires integration of hydrological, chemical, biological, and geomorphological processes across a range of scales (from watershed to in-stream biogeochemical processes) • How do we integrate microbiological, chemical & hydrologic/transport processes? • Nonlinear relations: Fluid flow-microbial-chemical variables • Linear processes with non-linear drivers(heterogeneities in physical, chemical, and biological processes) • We propose a wireless network with embedded networked sensing • multi-scale, • spatially-dense, • real-time, and • event driven observations

3. Test Bed: Minnehaha Creek, MN

4. Hypothesis Water quality in urban streams is controlled by the mean and variance of stormwater residence time NOM Pathogens Synthetic organic chemicals Inorganic chemicals

5. Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Nitrate Concentrations at Eel River, CA (O’Connor et al., 2007, JGR) Nitrate biosensor Hydraulically Mediated Bacterial Ecology