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The Byzantine Empire and Orthodox Europe

The Byzantine Empire and Orthodox Europe. Chapter Nine Unit Two/AP World History Ms. Tully. Christendom – Third Wave Civilization . Enjoyed global popularity in 6 th /7 th C Global contraction  European phenomenon Common culture/religion for Europe  spread North

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The Byzantine Empire and Orthodox Europe

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  1. The Byzantine Empire and Orthodox Europe Chapter Nine Unit Two/AP World History Ms. Tully

  2. Christendom – Third Wave Civilization • Enjoyed global popularity in 6th/7th C • Global contraction  European phenomenon • Common culture/religion for Europe  spread North • Great Schism of 1054 • Series of contractions & expansions

  3. Building on the Roman Past • Byzantium  Constantinople 330 C.E. • Division of Eastern/Western Roman Empire  Division of Eastern/Western Europe • East wealthier, stronger  Byzantine Empire • Conscious preservation of Greco-Roman past • Hellenism + Roman Empire + Christianity = Byzantine Empire

  4. The Byzantine Empire • High levels of political, economic, cultural activity from 500-1450 C.E. • Center for interregional trade • Frequent Invasions & Conflicts • Greek instead of Latin • Eastern Orthodox Christianity

  5. Justinian (r. 527-565) • Most significant ruler  desire to restore Roman glory • Heavily influenced by his wife Theodora • Codificiation of Roman Law • Renovation of Constantinople Hagia Sophia • Reconquered western land  weakened empire

  6. Byzantine Empire under Justinian

  7. Hagia Sophia

  8. Byzantine Politics • Centralized authority in Constantinople • Emperor head of state and church casearopapsim • Elaborate centralized bureaucracy • Roman style military • State-controlled economy • Primary concern defense against Islamic invaders • Empire’s strength/size reduced

  9. The Split Between Eastern & Western Christianity • Fundamental differences from start • New doctrinal issues emerge • 1054 – Mutual excommunication (Patriarch and Pope Leo IX) • Great Schism  Church splits into two traditions: Greek/Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism

  10. Eastern Orthodox Christianity • Emperor also “Patriarch” of Orthodox church • Networks of bishops and monasteries • Numerous churches, iconography • Spread to Balkans, Russia

  11. The Decline of the Byzantine Empire • Decline begins after 1054 (Schism) • 1071: Battle of Manzikert - Seljuk Turks take territory • Emergence of independent Slavic kingdoms in Balkans • 1204: Western Crusaders sack Constantinople • 1453: Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks

  12. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe • Slavic language & culture dominated Eastern EU • Orthodox Missionaries – Cyril & Methodius (864 CE) • Conflict between Catholicism and Orthodoxy • Large influx of Jews

  13. The Emergence of the KievanRus’ • Scandanavian trade routes develop in 6th/7thC • Formation of KievanRus’ 855 CE @ Kiev • Vladimir I converted kingdom to Christianity  Formation of Russian Orthodox Church

  14. Trade Routes

  15. Politics and Religion in KievanRus’ • Largest single state in Europe • Yaroslav – Last great Kievan prince • Byzantine influence – court spectacle, luxury/ceremony, church traditions • Religious influence in art – icons, illuminated manuscripts, literature • Rise of boyars (aristocrats)

  16. Kievan Decline • Decline began in 12th C • Influenced by Byzantine decline • Mongol Invasions (1237-1238) & (1240-1241)  Tartars • Orthodox Christianity & Russian culture remain  Third Rome

  17. Global Connections • Byzantine Empire • Participated actively in interregional trade • Constantinople: great trading city, connection between East and West • Maintained strong empire despite rapid surge of Islam, as well as developing cultural innovations and Orthodox Christianity • KievanRus’ • Dependent on Byzantium as main trading connection • Period of decline and isolation when Byzantium declines and Mongols invade • East cut off from western contacts, which stifles economic, political, and cultural growth. This will occur just as the West will begin to grow and strengthen.

  18. Discussion questions • In what respects did Byzantium continue the patterns of the classical Roman Empire? In what ways did it diverge from those patterns? • How did Eastern Orthodox Christianity differ from Roman Catholicism? • In what ways was the Byzantine Empire linked to a wider world? Consider political, cultural, economic connections.

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