From Philanthropy to Peace Steve Killelea Chairman – The Charitable Foundation

1. From Philanthropy to Peace Steve Killelea Chairman – The Charitable Foundation OECD Istanbul June 2007

2. Background The Charitable Foundation • Established in 2001. • Proceeds of a successful business career • Capital Invested target 10% growth, 5% of capital spent on projects each year • Will Spend $5M USD this year • Overheads 7% of Expenditure • Projects in Myanmar, Cambodia, Loas, E. Timor, PNG, India, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan, Kenya, Rwanda

3. Charter The Charitable Foundation • To Help the Poorest of the Poor • To do Interventions that are Life Changing • To Touch as Many People as possible • Have a Facility for ‘Good Samaritan’ Interventions

4. From Philanthropy to Peace The Charitable Foundation • Regular travel in Highly Stressed Countries – what is the inverse • There is a lot of study on Conflict but Little on Peace • The Global Peace Index is a ground breaking study that ranks the nations of the world by their peacefulness • Studying Pathology is not Studying Well-Being • If we could understand the three key drivers that create or sustain peace and they could be taught would the world be a more peaceful place?

5. The Global Peace Index project was commissioned by Steve Killelea, an Australian businessman and philanthropist. The reasons are: Executive summary…1 • That peace should and can be measured. • The belief that peace is a perquisite to resolving humanity’s major issues: • climate change, decreasing biodiversity, use of available fresh water, over population • To better understand peace and inspire others to establish and fund research • To change the focus, coverage and dialogue from war to peace.

6. We have taken it as given that peace is the preferred state for business to operate in. For business to invest and thrive in an economy, it must have infrastructure. Executive summary…2 • Few national economies can operate effectively without the provision of public goods and services. Examples: healthcare, infrastructure, education. • So too, the global economy is less efficient and effective without global public goods and services. • Peace keeping and peace building, development aid and environmental regulation are examples of global public goods and services. • Peace keeping: In the Global Peace Index, the use of the military force for peace keeping purposes by the United Nations was rated as a positive score. Ghana is nation with a high rating. • Further more, education was one of the highest correlating drivers to peace for nations at the top of the GPI.

7. The Economist Intelligence Unit has compiled the Global Peace Index Outline of model • ranks for the first time 121 nations • according to their relative states of peace • using 24 indicators • tested against a range of potential drivers or determinants of peace • in order to be a new platform for further discussion and study

8. Absence of war or conflict If the country is not involved in violent conflicts with neighbouring states or suffering internal wars it has achieved a state of peace • The UN has defined a culture of peace as one involving values, attitudes and behaviors that: • reject violence, • prevent conflicts by addressing root causes • solve problems through dialogue and negotiation Defining “Peace” “Our definition of peace is the “Absence of Violence”, this definition allows peace to be also measured within a nation, peace is more than the absence of war. The perfect state would have no police, jails or crime. NEGATIVE PEACE POSITIVE PEACE CULTURE OF PEACE • A more complete evaluation of peace should account for the conditions which are favorable to its emergence • Freedom, human rights and justice are included

9. And Measuring It Two objectives Measures Final Goal Rank the nations of the world by their relative states of peace and facilitate cross country comparisons • scoring model • index ranking 121 nations across 24 indicators Methodologically sound and unbiased measurement of peace. Provides raw material for a public debate on peace. • secondary dataset of 33 potential determinants of peace • coefficients showing the highest correlations among indicators Quantify and measure the importance and causality of a range of potential drivers that may create peaceful societies

10. Methodology Data Collation Construction, Weighting and Scoring of Index Investigation of the determinants of peace Publication of the results Activities • Quantitative and qualitative approach • Delivery in Microsoft Excel formatof the scoring model and the index • One measure of internal peace, one of external peace, then combined into one consolidated index • Review of the existing literature • Investigation of causality and correlations • Econometric and qualitative investigation Sources • UN, World Bank, International Institute of Strategic Studies, Peace Institutes, EIU • EIU analysts, international panel of experts • EIU analysts, international panel of experts

11. The Global Peace Index and the map of states of peace

12. Ranking states of peace Small, politically stable, democratic countries top the rankings 15 of the top 20 are western or central European Most are members of a supranational body Island nations fair well The search for drivers of peace: Countries with internal peace have defining features Well functioning democracies, low corruption, regional integration, high take-up of education, low hostility to foreigners, high incomes Countries with external peace have no clear defining features No clear path to external peace The top three findings

13. Based on the initial research, peaceful societies are those characterized as countries with: Profile of a peaceful nation • very low levels of internal conflict • efficient, accountable governments • strong economies • cohesive/integrated populations • good relations with the international community

14. The future of the GPI • will be reviewed and released annually • will include more countries • data sources will be improved further • 2007 data and results will remain a base, for time series analysis The Global Peace Index shows that peace can be measured.