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Names & Formulas of Ionic Compounds

Names & Formulas of Ionic Compounds. Ionic compounds are named using the names of the ions that compose them. Cation name followed by anion name Learn the names and formulas of the ions in your syllabus. The following slides explain the systematic way that ions are named. Naming Cations.

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Names & Formulas of Ionic Compounds

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  1. Names & Formulas of Ionic Compounds • Ionic compounds are named using the names of the ions that compose them. Cation name followed by anion name • Learn the names and formulas of the ions in your syllabus. • The following slides explain the systematic way that ions are named.

  2. Naming Cations • Cations formed by a metal have the same name as the metal. K+ potassium ion Ca2+ calcium ion Al3+ aluminum ion • If a metal forms more than one cation, use Roman numerals in ( ) after the name of the metal Fe2+ iron (II) ion Fe3+ iron (III) ion Cu+ copper (I) ion Cu2+ copper (II) ion

  3. Naming Cations • One common polyatomic cation found in ionic compounds NH4+ ammonium ion • Note: Compounds whose formulas start with NH4 are ionic even though they are composed only of non-metals.

  4. Naming Anions • Monoatomic anions • drop the ending of the element’s name • add “ide” N nitrogen O oxygen N3- O2- nitride oxide

  5. Naming Anions • Some simple polyatomic anions use the “ide” ending as well OH- hydroxide CN- cyanide O22- peroxide

  6. Naming Oxyanions • Oxyanions (polyatomic anions containing oxygen) drop the ending of the central atom name and add: • “ate” most common oxyanion of the element • “ite” 1 less oxygen NO3- nitrateSO42- sulfate NO2- nitrite SO32- sulfite CO32- carbonatePO43- phosphate PO33- phosphite

  7. 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A Noble gases Oxyanions “ate” oxyanions to memorize

  8. Oxyanions (cont.) • Some elements like the halogens can form more than two oxyanions: • “per” 1 more O than the “ate” oxyanion • “hypo” 1 less O than the “ite” oxyanion ClO4- perchlorate most oxygens ClO3- chlorate most common ClO2- chlorite 1 less O ClO- hypochlorite fewest oxygens

  9. Oxyanions • Anions derived by adding H+ to an oxyanion: • add “hydrogen” or “dihydrogen” as prefix to oxyanion name CO32- carbonate HCO3- hydrogen carbonate (usually called bicarbonate) PO43- phosphate H2 PO4- dihydrogen phosphate

  10. Naming Ionic Compounds • Name ionic compounds using cation name followed by anion name NaCl sodium chloride CaBr2 calcium bromide NaClO sodium hypochlorite Cu(NO3)2 copper (II) nitrate

  11. Naming Ionic Compounds Example: Write the names of these ionic compounds. • Na2SO4 • FeCl3 • (NH4)3PO4 • KClO4 • Cu2CO3 • SnO2

  12. Writing Formulas from Names • Given the name of a compound, you must be able to write its formula. • Identify the symbol and charge for each ion. • Determine the correct number of each ion needed to balance the charges (write an electrically neutral formula).

  13. Writing Formulas from Names Example: Write the formula for: • Ammonium sulfate • Magnesium hydroxide • Barium nitrate • Potassium bromate • Iron (II) phosphate • Sodium bicarbonate • Lead (IV) sulfite

  14. Common “Household” Chemicals • You are responsible for knowing the names and formulas for the chemical present in: • Baking soda • sodium bicarbonate • NaHCO3 • Table salt • Sodium chloride • NaCl • Bleach • Sodium hypochlorite • NaClO or NaOCl

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