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Chapter 8 The Progressive Era 1890-1920

Chapter 8 The Progressive Era 1890-1920. Section 1: The Drive for Reform. Terms and People. Progressivism – movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms Muckraker – writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business

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Chapter 8 The Progressive Era 1890-1920

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  1. Chapter 8The Progressive Era1890-1920

  2. Section 1: The Drive for Reform

  3. Terms and People • Progressivism – movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms • Muckraker – writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business • Lincoln Steffens – editor of McClure’s magazine known for uncovering social problems • Jacob Riis – photographer for the New York Evening Sun, expose on “How the other Half Lives”

  4. Terms and People • Social Gospel – Walter Rauschenbusch taught Christianity should be the basis of social reform • Settlement house – a community center that provided social services to the urban poor • Jane Addams – leading figure in the settlement house movement • Direct primary – election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections

  5. Terms and People • Initiative – gave people the power to put a proposed new law on the ballot • Referendum – allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by the legislature • Recall – gave voters the power to remove public servants from office

  6. Origins of Progressivism • Who? All classes and walks of life that wanted to act for the good of society • Common Beliefs: industrialization and urbanization created troubling social and political problems. • What is the difference between the Progressives and the Populists? • Target Problems: political reform (corrupt and ineffective), big business, reduce economic gap

  7. Muckrakers Reveal the Need for Reform • (a tool to clean manure and hay out of animals’ stables) coined by Theodore Roosevelt • Muckrakers using their journalistic skills exposed many of the social evils in late 19th century early 20th century society

  8. Muckrakers Cont. • Novelists Defend the Downtrodden and put a face on social problems.

  9. Progressives Reform Society • The Social Gospel Guides reform efforts urged the end of child labor, shorter work week, and limit the power of corporations and trusts • Improve the lives of the urban poor • Protecting Children and Improving • Education • Improve industrial working • Conditions (Triangle Shirtwaist Factory)

  10. Reforming Government • Reformers Improve City Government, however only after tragedies such as the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, and Galveston Texas hurricane • Progressives Reform Election Rules, to give the power back to the people, not corrupt politicians, and business leaders • Progressive Governors Take Charge, and begin to reform their own states. Limit Railroads, use of natural resources, and hiring state workers

  11. Section 2: Women Make Progress

  12. Terms and People • Florence Kelly – believed women were hurt by unfair prices they paid for goods to run their home • National Consumers League (NCL) – gave labels to “goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions” Today’s Fair Trade? • Temperance Movement – the practice of never • drinking alcohol

  13. Terms and People • Margaret Sanger – thought family life and women’s health would improve if mothers had fewer children • Ida B. Wells – formed the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) helped families strive for success and help less fortunate • Carrie Chapman Catt – reenergized the • national suffrage movement and first • female school superintendent

  14. Terms and People • National American Woman Suffrage Association – fought for women's right to vote • Alice Paul – social activists raised in a Quaker home earned a PH.D and formed the first group of women to march with Picket signs • Nineteenth Amendment – the right • to vote shall not be denied or • abridged on account of sex • Make a Suffrage Poster!!!

  15. Progressive Women Expand Reforms • Working Women Face Hardships; difficult jobs, long hours, and dangerous conditions. Expected to give wages to husbands, fathers or brothers. • Reformers Champion Working Women's Rights laws were passed and upheld to limit the number of hours women could work which later backfired to wages • Women Work for Changes in Family Life; alcohol was a main focus (men drinking liquor neglect their families, spent their earnings, and abuse their wives)

  16. Women Fight for the Right to Vote • Suffrage – the right to vote • Women's suffrage started state by state and led to many leading women in history (Catt, Paul, Kelley)

  17. Section 3: The Struggle Against Discrimination

  18. Terms and people • Americanization – belief that assimilating immigrants into American society will make them more loyal citizens • Niagara Movement – denounced the idea of gradual progress for black Americans • NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People / free blacks from low-pay, free of ignorance, politically free, socially free (pg. 231)

  19. Terms and People • Anti-Defamation League – to defend Jews and others against physical and verbal attacks, false statements • Mutualistas – groups that made loans and provided legal assistance to Mexican-Americans

  20. Opening Work !!! Examine the Chart on page 242, Progressive Era legislation and constitutional amendments. What similarities and differences do you see?

  21. Section 5: Wilson’s New Freedom

  22. Wilson and the Democrats Prevail • Woodrow Wilson – Democrat candidate launched a program called New Freedom, first southern born president in more than 60 years • New Freedom – placed strict government controls on corporations

  23. Wilson Regulates the Economy • Wilson attacked the “triple wall of privilege,” tariffs, banks, and trusts • Sixteenth Amendment – gave congress the power to levy an income tax • Federal Reserve Act (1913) – placed national • banks under the control of the Federal • Reserve Board, ensured no person, bank, • or region from having to much money • (interest rates)

  24. Wilson Strengthens antitrust Regulation • Federal Trade Commission – monitor business practices that might lead to monopolies • Clayton Antitrust Act – strengthened earlier antitrust laws by spelling out activities businesses could not engage • Today the FTC looks at stock trades, examines published ads, and regulates buying on the Internet

  25. Workers’ rights protected • Labor unions could not be acted as trusts under the Clayton Antitrust Act • Adamson Act prevented nationwide railroad strike and limited railroad employees’ work to eight hour day Why? • Ludlow Massacre:

  26. Progressivism Leaves a Lasting Legacy • Voters have a greater influence; initiative, referendum, recall, and the Nineteenth Amendment • Federal government grew to offer more protection to Americans’ and gained more control over peoples’ lives • Antitrust laws and Federal Reserve Board watch over the economy • Federal government also had greater control over natural resources, i.e. dams, National Parks, resources

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