Becoming a World Power

1. Becoming a World Power New American Diplomacy

2. Learning Targets • At the end of this lesson you will: • Know what caused Theodore Roosevelt to win the governorship of New York. • Know how Theodore Roosevelt became President of the Unites States without being elected as such. • Know how Japan showed the world it was a power to be reckoned with. • Understand how Russia controlled Manchuria from China after Japan gained control over it. • Know what the “Open Door Policy” was and who came up with it. • Know why Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize. • Know the dictates of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. • Understand how Theodore Roosevelt enabled Panama to succeed from Columbia and give the U.S. the right to build the Panama Canal. • Understand the Roosevelt Corollary and what it meant to Latin America and Europe and an example of where and how it was used. • Understand Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” • Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick” policy and give an example of how it was applied.

3. Theodore Roosevelt’s Rise to power • Roosevelt’s exploits during the Spanish-American War had made him famous and enabled him to win the election for governor of New York. • President McKinley asked Roosevelt to run as his vice president.

4. Theodore Roosevelt’s Rise to power -The Election of 1900 • Czolgosz, an anarchist who opposes all forms of government, fired two shots and hit the president. • A few days later, McKinley died from his wounds. • Theodore Roosevelt, became the president . • Roosevelt had been chosen as McKinley’s running mate because Republican leaders knew his powerful charisma and heroic war record would be a great asset.

5. American Diplomacy in Asia -The Open Door Policy • War erupted between China and Japan over Korea. • China gave Japan territory in Manchuria and Korea became independent. • While Russia, England, Germany and other countries demanded leaseholds (control over certain areas) in China, the US adopted an Open Door Policy, in which all countries should be allowed to trade with China.

6. American Diplomacy in Asia -Balancing Power in East Asia • Roosevelt stepped in to help negotiate peace in a war between Japan and Russia in 1905. • For his efforts in ending the war, Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in1906.

7. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean • Theodore Roosevelt once said “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” • Roosevelt sent the “Great White Fleet” of US Navy ships on a tour around the world to show off America’s strong Navy.

8. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean -Revolt in Panama • Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, gave the United States the exclusive right to build and control any proposed canal through Central America (signed between the US and GB) • Bunau-Varilla arranged for a small army to stage an uprising in Panama against Columbia for independence. • Bunau-Varilla’s forces revolted and with support from the US, gained independence. Panama immediately granted the US the rights to build the canal.

9. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean -The Roosevelt Corollary (Part of the Monroe Doctrine) • Roosevelt Corollary said the United States would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary. • The United States first applied the Roosevelt Corollary in the Dominican Republic. • The United States assumed the responsibility of collecting customs tariffs in the Dominican Republic on behalf of European Countries, using the United States Marine Corps as its agents.

10. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean • American leaders believed that support of Latin America and Asia development would benefit everyone. • Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft, continued Roosevelt’s policies with an emphasis in Latin America. • Taft felt that with increased trade in Latin America, American businesses would benefit and LA would be lifted out of poverty. • This policy became known as dollar diplomacy

11. Review Questions • What caused Theodore Roosevelt to win the governorship of New York? • How did Theodore Roosevelt become President of the Unites States without being elected? • In what way did Japan showed the world it was a power to be reckoned with? • How did Russia control Manchuria from China after Japan gained control over it? • What was the “Open Door Policy” and who came up with it? • Why did Theodore Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize? • What were the dictates of the Hay-PauncefoteTreaty? • How did Theodore Roosevelt enable Panama to succeed from Columbia and give the U.S. the right to build the Panama Canal? • What were the provisions of the Roosevelt Corollary and what did it mean to Latin America and Europe? Give an example of where and how it was used. • What was Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”?

12. Essay Question • Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick” policy and give an example of how it was applied.

13. Essay Question • Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick” policy and give an example of how it was applied. • Theodore Roosevelt believed in a strong global military presence. He insisted that displaying American power to the world would make nations think twice about fighting, thus promoting global peace. He often expressed this belief with a West African saying, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”. The voyage of the Great White Fleet was one application of this policy, showcasing the nation's mighty fleet to the world. Another example was the use of the United States military to aid the revolt in Panama.