Chapter 1 Your Responsibility for Accident Prevention

2. Chapter 1Your Responsibility for Accident Prevention

3. Chapter Outline • Introduction • Personal Protection • Eye Protection • Clothing • Gloves • Laboratory Protocol • Laboratory Visitors • Comportment in the Laboratory • Housekeeping • Cleaning Glassware

4. Chapter Outline • Inhaling Harmful Chemicals • Distillations • Extractions • Refrigerators • Disposal of chemicals • General Disposal Guidelines • Unattended Operation of Equipment

5. INTRODUCTION • Working with chemicals has been historically viewed as a very risky task

9. Introduction • Experience shows that following safety regulations reduces the probability of accidents, including toxic exposures, to negligible levels

12. Introduction • How to work safely • practice the habit of accident prevention; • use personal protective equipment (e.g., goggles, lab apron, safety goggles) at all times in the laboratory; • use the smallest quantity of material necessary to accomplish the goal of the experiment;

13. Introduction • when possible, substitute a less hazardous chemical for a more hazardous one; and • anticipate the possible consequences of the work you do in the laboratory

14. Introduction • Before you begin an experiment in the lab, ask yourself, “What would happen if .. ?”

15. Introduction • Answers to this question require • an understanding of the hazards associated with the chemicals and equipment involved • The reactivity, flammability, corrosivity, and toxicity of the chemicals you use will dictate the precautions you take

16. Introduction • An accident-prevention program for safe working environment for students and other laboratory workers must include • regular safety inspections (~3 months for certain types of equipment, e.g., safety showers and eyewash fountains); • regular monitoring of the performance of equipment and ventilation systems;

17. Introduction • formal and regular training on the proper use of emergency equipment and procedures; and • procedures that ensure proper disposal of hazardous waste

18. Doing things safely is not merely the right way to work —it is the only way

19. Your Responsibility for Accident Prevention

20. Accident Prevention • Accident prevention is a collective responsibility that requires the full cooperation of everyone in the laboratory especially you......

21. Accident Prevention • Accidents often result from • an indifferent attitude (لامبالاه), • failure to use common sense (تفكير سليم), and • failure to follow instructions, making a mistake. • You can be a victim of a mistake you or your lab mate have made

22. Accident Prevention • A safe laboratory is also your instructor’s responsibility; report all unsafe acts to him

23. Accident Prevention • You must be involved and participate in the practice of preventing accidents • Follow all safety instructions carefully. • Never play tricks or indulge in horseplay in a chemical laboratory. • Become thoroughly acquainted(مطلع) with the location and use of safety equipment and facilities such as exits, safety showers, and eyewash fountains.

25. Accident Prevention • Become familiar with the hazards of the apparatus and the operations involved. • Learn what to do and what to avoid doing.

26. Accident Prevention • Before undertaking any laboratory work, become familiar with the hazards of the chemicals involved. • Be sure you know and follow the safety precautions that protect you and others from those hazards.

27. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)

28. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Eye Protection • Everyone in the laboratory, including visitors, must wear chemical splash goggles (not safety glasses or spectacles) at all times, even when not performing a chemical operation

29. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Eye Protection • Normal prescription eyeglasses do not provide appropriate laboratory eye protection • Contact lenses cannot provide adequate protection in any environment in which an accidental chemical splash can reasonably be expected

30. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Face Protection • When necessary, appropriate laboratory bench shields and use face shields wide enough and long enough to protect your neck and ears must be used

31. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Clothing • Clothing worn in labs should • offer protection from splashes and spills; • be easily removable in case of accident; • be at least fire resistant • Non flammable, and nonporous lab aprons are better than lab coats

32. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Clothing • If a lab coat is used instead of an apron, it should have snap fasteners rather than buttons so it can be easily removed

33. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Clothing • wear shoes with uppers made of leather or polymeric leather substitute. • Do not go barefoot or wear sandals. • Do not wear shoes that have high heels or open toes, uppers made of cloth, woven leather strips, or other woven material.

34. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Clothing • Shorts, cutoffs, and miniskirts unnecessarily expose your skin to potential corrosives and are not safe. • Constrain long hair and loose clothing.

35. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Clothing • Constrain long hair and loose clothing (e.g. شماغ).

36. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Clothing • Do not wear jewellery (e.g. rings, bracelets, and wristwatches ) • jewellery can be damaged by chemical fumes and spills • Chemical seepage in between the jewellery and skin can put corrosives in intimate contact with your skin

37. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Clothing • Wearing jewellery increases the risk of harmful electrical shocks if comes in contact with electrical sources • jewellery also can catch on equipment, causing accidents.

38. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Gloves • Gloves are very important in labs • Gloves come in different types and materials (e.g. latex, neoprene, butyl rubber) • Use gloves correctly • Always check your gloves before each use to ensure the absence of cracks and small holes

40. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Gloves • To avoid unintentionally spreading chemicals, remove your gloves before • leaving the work area • handling such things as telephones, doorknobs, writing instruments, laboratory notebooks, and textbooks

41. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Gloves • Be aware that no glove material can provide permanent protection • If a chemical diffuses through a glove, it is then held against your skin and you could receive more exposure than if you hadn’t worn a glove at all

42. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) • Gloves • Do not reuse gloves (such gloves should be should be treated as hazardous waste)

43. Laboratory Protocol • The chemistry laboratory is a place for serious learning and working • Horseplay cannot be tolerated

45. Laboratory Protocol • Variations in procedures, including changes in the chemicals to be used or in the amounts that will be used, is not allowed • Only your instructor can make changes

46. Laboratory Protocol • Alterations may be made only with the knowledge and approval of your instructor

47. Laboratory Protocol • Laboratory Visitors • All laboratory visitors should wear eye protection • Obtain your laboratory instructor’s approval before bringing visitors into the laboratory

48. Laboratory Protocol • Conduct in the Laboratory • Your duty is to learn and to prevent accidents The following additional instructions help you fulfil this duty

49. Laboratory Protocol • Always wear eye protection • Know beforehand the hazardous characteristics of the chemicals with which you plan to work • Wear chemically resistant lab coats or aprons • Do not wear shorts, cutoffs, or miniskirts • Do not wear high-heeled shoes, open-toed shoes, sandals, or shoes made of woven material. • Confine long hair and loose clothing ( (شماغ

50. Laboratory Protocol • Always wash your hands and arms with soap and water before leaving the labeven if you wore gloves • Wash lab coats on which chemicals have been spilled separately from personal laundry • Never work alone in the laboratory • Do not prepare or store (even temporarily) food or beverages in a chemical lab