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Opium Wars

Opium Wars. Ancient Civilizations: Day 14. Ancient Geography. Notable Locations:. Notable Dates: 1759 CE: European commercial presence restricted in China 1839-1842 CE: Opium Wars 1842 CE: Treaty of Nanjing. World Drug Trade. Opium Production and Consumption. Chinese Trade.

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Opium Wars

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  1. Opium Wars Ancient Civilizations: Day 14

  2. Ancient Geography • Notable Locations: • Notable Dates: • 1759 CE: European commercial presence restricted in China • 1839-1842 CE: Opium Wars • 1842 CE: Treaty of Nanjing

  3. World Drug Trade

  4. Opium Production and Consumption

  5. Chinese Trade • In 1759 the Qianlong emperor restricted European commercial trade to the waterfront of Guangzhou. • Paralleled China's xenophobic history of foreigners • Merchants could only deal with specially licensed Chinese firms. • China had little demand for European products. • European merchants paid for silk, porcelain, lacquer ware, and tea with silver bullion.

  6. British Empire (1920s)

  7. Trading Addiction • British East India Company wanted to find alternatives for buying Chinese goods with silver. • Turned to opium trading • Opium grew in India and Central Asia. • Shipped to China in exchange for Chinese silver. • Trade expanded rapidly • early 19th c. 4.5K chests (133 lbs each) • by 1839 40K+ chests • CHINA IS ADDICTED TO OPIUM!!!

  8. Opium Den

  9. Cold Turkey • 1830s, China had a significant trade problem as well as drug problem. • Opium trade drained large quantities of silver from the treasury and created serious social problems. • 1839, Chinese government took steps to eliminate the illicit trade of opium. • Read Primary Source

  10. Opium Wars (1839-1842) • British commercial agents pressed the government to reopen the drug trade by using military force. • Opium Wars (1839-1842) • China stood no chance against the British Empire. • British infantry and navy superior.

  11. Treaty of Nanking (1842) • Britain forced China to accept their conditions in the Treaty of Nanking: • Cede Hong Kong to Britain • Britain received most-favored trading status • Extraterritorial status for British subject • not subject to Chinese laws • Impact: • legalized the opium trade • Additional countries enacted similar policies with China. • Foreign merchants controlled much of the Chinese economy.

  12. Foreigners in China

  13. Boxer Rebellion • The current ruler at the time, Cixi - emperor's aunt, feared foreign occupation in China. • Supported an anti foreign uprising known as the Boxer Rebellion. • Violent movement spearheaded by the 'Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists' • organized to get rid of "foreign devils" • Rebellion subdued due to multinational military force. • China forced to pay for damages and allow foreign soldiers to occupy merchant ports.

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