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Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) Rome, 20 October 2009

Preparation of the Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA-12/09/5). Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) Rome, 20 October 2009. 01/36. Background.

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Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) Rome, 20 October 2009

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  1. Preparation of the Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture(CGRFA-12/09/5) Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) Rome, 20 October 2009 01/36

  2. Background 1996: SoW-1 and the GPAwere received by 150 countries at the Leipzig International Technical Conference on PGR. 2004: CGRFA requested FAO to revise the timeline, encouraged participation 2005: Guidelines for the preparation of CRs agreed 2007: CGRFA stressed - high quality document, focus on changes since the SoW-1 with regional and global analysis to identify gaps and needs 2009: ITWG-PG4 revised the draft SoW-2 and recommended to the CGRFA to endorse and use it to update the rolling GPA 02/36

  3. The Second Report on the State of the World’s PGRFA (SoW-2) • Update SoW-1 with the best data and information available, focusing on changes that had occurred since 1996 • Provide sound basis for updating GPA taking into account changes, needs and gaps 03/36

  4. SoW-2 Content Diversity In situ management Ex situ conservation Use National programmes Regional - International collaboration ABS and farmers' rights Contribution of PGRFA to FS and SAD 04/36

  5. Preparatory Process • Country-driven process (through Country Reports) • Guided by the ITWG-PG • Fully integrated with the process of monitoring the implementation of the GPA (NISM - 61) • Partners: Bioversity International, GCDT, genebanks, CGIAR centres, NGOs, etc • Supported by the Governments of Canada, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain 05/36

  6. SoW-2 Preparatory Process Challenges • Country Reports’ preparation 06/36

  7. Geographical Distribution of Country Reports 07/36

  8. SoW-2 Preparatory Process Challenges • Country Reports’ preparation • Information on SoW-1 – qualitative • Most of the CR arrived in 2009 • Time constraint to prepare the first draft of the SoW-2 • SoW-1 with SoW-2 sample difference • Quality of the Country Reports 8 08/36

  9. Preparatory process ITWG-PG4 Expert Consultation Regional Analysis Thematic Studies Literature Country Reports May 09 – April 08 July 09 June 09 09/36

  10. The state of diversity 10/36

  11. Changes since SoW-1 • Scientific understanding on farm management increased • Interest and awareness of the importance of conserving CWR increased • Interest in neglected and under-utilized species increased • Genetic erosion and vulnerability – new tools – but not possible yet to clearly understand the magnitude and extent of the effects 11/36

  12. The state of in situ management 12/36

  13. Changes since SoW-1 • Large number of surveys and inventories of PGRFA have been conducted • CWR received much more attention - strategies and protocols were developed • Increase in the use of participatory approaches to on farm conservation 13/36

  14. Gaps and Needs • The draft global strategy on the conservation of CWR needs to be finalized and adopted • Effective policies and legislative frameworks and closer collaboration between agriculture and environment sectors needed 14/36

  15. The state of ex situ conservation 15/36

  16. Changes since SoW-1 (1/2) • 1750 genebanks - (15% > 1996) • 130 genebanks > 10,000 accessions • 7.4 m accessions – (1.4 m > 1996) • 6.6 m national genebanks • 45% held in only 7 countries (1996 = 12) • 2 m estimated to be distinct accessions 16/36

  17. Changes since SoW-1 (2/2) • > 240,000 new accessions collected • Increase in collection missions carried out by countries - focus on obsolete cultivars, landraces and CWR 17/36

  18. Gaps and Needs • Lack human capacity, funds or facilities to conserve PGRFA under the required standards • High level of unintended global duplication, mainly for the major crops • For many under-utilized species and CWR collections still do not exist • Documentation, characterization and evaluation need to be strengthened and data more accessible 18/36

  19. The state of use 19/36

  20. Plant breeding capacity • Has not changed • Urgent need for capacity building • National investments in PB • SoW-1 to SoW-2 • Decrease in public PB • Increase in private • Increase in use of wild species 20/36

  21. Crops and traits • Crops • Focus remain on major crops • Increased importance of under-utilized • Traits • Focus remain on yield • Breeding for resistance to biotic and tolerance to abiotic stresses • Major genes • “Breeding” for climate change 21/36

  22. Changes since SoW-1 (1/2) • PB capacity has not changed • # accession characterized and evaluated has increased • Increased in farmers’ involvement in PB 22/36

  23. Changes since SoW-1 (2/2) • Main constraints = SoW-1 (human capacity, funds and facilities) • Area with transgenic crops increased • Increase in seed trade – fewer and larger seed companies – major crops 23/36

  24. Constraints to improve use • Human resources • lack trained people (age) • Funding • Long term funding • Under-utilized crops • Cooperation and linkages • Curators, breeders and seed producers 24/36

  25. The state of national programmes, training needs and legislation 25/36

  26. Changes since SoW-1 National programme 53% (1996) and 71% (2007) National programmes - participation of other stakeholders increased New training opportunities have opened in several countries Biosafety has emerged as an important issue 26/36

  27. The state of regional and international collaboration 27/36

  28. Changes since SoW-1 New networks have been established (regional - crop specific – thematic) FONTAGRO (1998) GFAR (1999) Entry into force the ITPGRFA (2004) GCDT (2004) FAO – GIPB (2006) SGSV (2008) 28/36

  29. Access to PGR, the sharing of benefits arising out of their utilization and the realization of farmers rights 29/36

  30. Changes since SoW-1 MLS of ABS under the ITPGRFA 30 countries with ABS regulations Policy and legislations on farmers’ rights 30/36

  31. The contribution of PGRFA to food security and sustainable agricultural development 31/36

  32. Changes since SoW-1 Growing efforts to strengthen the relationship between agriculture and the provision of ecosystem services Impact of climate change and importance of PGRFA as a response to its consequences Niche and high-value markets are expanding rapidly 32/36

  33. Integrated approach to the management of PGRFA at national level Indicators to monitor the specific role of PGRFA Better integration among conservation, utilization and delivery systems at national level Gaps and Needs 33/36

  34. $ ITWG-PG4 Recommendations Guidance Sought 34/36

  35. ITWG-PG4 Recommendation to the CGRFA and Guidance Sought • Endorse the SoW-2 as the authoritative assessment of this sector • Request FAO to publish the SoW-2 • Governments and donors to make available financial resources to translate and publish the SoW-2 35/36

  36. Thank You Thank you 36/36

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