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Chilean History

Chilean History. How can atrocities happen even in stable democracies? World History 2, Session 7. Where is Chile?. Map of South America. 2,700 miles long. One long, skinny country. Chile covers a lot of degrees of latitude

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Chilean History

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  1. Chilean History How can atrocities happen even in stable democracies? World History 2, Session 7

  2. Where is Chile?

  3. Map of South America 2,700 miles long

  4. One long, skinny country • Chile covers a lot of degrees of latitude • It runs the equivalent (in the northern hemisphere) of from Mexico City to Vancouver BC. • It is never more than 150 miles wide • Its eastern border is a nearly impassable wall of mountains, many of which are over 22,000 feet (Mt. Rainier is 14, 410, Denali is 20,320)

  5. How do you think climate might be affected by the latitude in Chile? ?? What do you think the climate is like in northern Chile? ?? How will it change as you travel south? How do you think climate might be affected by elevation above sea level in Chile? ?? What do you think the climate is like on the coast? ?? How do you think climate will change as you travel east?

  6. Some important things to know about Chile • Chile is the most democratic country in South America • Chile has been much more economically stable than Peru • Chile has been less abusive of its native people, primarily because there were fewer of them – Spanish and Chileans did not have to compete with them for the land as much

  7. Chile was less populated at the time of Spanish conquest (Peru was the center of the dominant empire and much more populated) • Because there were essentially no cities when the Spanish invaded , crowd diseases (like measles, smallpox, and influenza) did not spread as quickly and fewer native Chileans died • Chile had the same ethnic hierarchy as Peru (peninsulares, criollos, mestizos, and natives) • Even with all of these pretty good things, Chile has still had a history of human rights abuses, primarily in the 1970’s • The focus of our study of Chile will be to allow us to understand the authoritarian rule of Augusto Pinochet from 1973-1990

  8. Five Major Problems in Chilean History • The role of the Catholic Church • The Spanish brought the Catholic faith to Chile in the 1500’s and it provided a unifying force in Chilean history BUT… • Conservative and traditional Chileans want the Church to have political authority • More liberal and modern Chileans wanted the Church to have no political authority ?? How might a conflict over religious authority affect the unity of a country?

  9. Regionalism • Regionalism is a problem that many large nations have. The US has it too. Regionalism is the conflict between different regions of countries that have differing economic and political interests (i.e. US before Civil War). • Chilean regionalism centers on the different economic activities in each region and who gets preferential treatment for their industry (mining, farming, etc.) ?? How would regionalism affect the unity of a country?

  10. Social Class • The first governments (both Spanish and Chilean) only represented the upper classes - the peninsulares and the wealthiest criollos • New political parties formed to represented the interests of middle class, then working class, then poor people ?? If political parties only represent one social class, how will this affect the unity of the nation if one party rules the country?

  11. Urban v. rural • City dwellers and farmers had very different needs from government (city dwellers wanted cheap food and urban development, farmers wanted food prices to be high and to have transportation to be developed in rural areas to connect them to markets) ?? How would different needs of cities and farms affect the unity of a country?

  12. Militarism • Chile has frequently used its military to resolve (or make worse!) its conflicts with native people, rebellious workers, and neighboring nations like Peru ?? What can go wrong if a country uses its military to solve issues that are really economic instead of self-defense?

  13. Key events in Chile’s history

  14. Chile under Pinochet • Read these sources to understand life under Pinochet. • Library of Congress Country Studies – Chile: Military Rule 1973-1990 • Library of Congress Country Studies – Chile: Repression and Human Rights Violations • Pinochet’s Troubling Legacy from the Council on Foreign Relations To cite these articles in your summative assessment, just put parentheses around the titles. Example: (Library of Congress Country Studies – Chile: Military Rule 1973-1990)

  15. Should Augusto Pinochet have been tried for the murders committed by his soldiers? Based on what you have read, what are the reasons to try Pinochet for murder? • List as many as you can identify

  16. What are the reasons he was not tried?

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