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Solutions

Solutions. Chapter 5 (continued…). Distillation. A method for separating the parts of a liquid solution by heating-evaporating and cooling-condensing . This is a process by which pure water can be recovered from dirty water. Distillation.

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions Chapter 5 (continued…)

  2. Distillation A method for separating the parts of a liquid solution by heating-evaporating and cooling-condensing. This is a process by which pure water can be recovered from dirty water.

  3. Distillation A method for separating the parts of a liquid solution by heating-evaporating and cooling-condensing.

  4. Distillation

  5. Desalination Removing salt from salty water.

  6. Hard Water Some Effects of using Hard Water • Causes less lather when soap is used • Soap scum on sinks and tubs • Sticky deposit on hair and clothes • Solid material on insides of pipes and kettles Contains lots of dissolved minerals. However, this does not mean that hard water is unsafe to use. It is perfectly natural and safe to drink.

  7. Soft Water Contains very few dissolved minerals.

  8. Settling or Sedimentation Undissolved matter will settle to the bottom, over time. This is an inexpensive method for separating undissolved solids from a liquid mixture.

  9. Filtration • This method can be used to further purify a liquid. • A filter has tiny holes. • Remember that all matter is made up of tiny particles. • The filter allows only the particles which are smaller than the size of its holes to pass through and the particles larger than the size of the holes are “filtered out”.

  10. Insolubility The inability of some substances to dissolve in water is explained in terms of the particle theory. Some solids are insoluble because water cannot overcome the forces holding the particles of the solid together. These particles prefer to stay bonded to one another, rather than separating and mixing with the water molecules.

  11. Solubility The ability of a substance to mix into another substance. Higher temperatures increase the solubility of a substance.

  12. Physical Change Physical changes are changes that do not alter the chemical nature of the substances involved. Physical changes involve a change in physical properties, such as size, shape, color, texture or volume. Physical changes are temporary because they are reversible. A change of state is a physical change.

  13. Chemical Change Chemical changes are changes that substances undergo when they become new or different substances. These changes are permanent and cannot be reversed.

  14. Salts in Water • All water, even rainwater, contains dissolved chemicals called salts. Not all water tastes salty, however. • It is estimated that the oceans contain 50.8 quadrillion (50.8 million billion or 50.8 x 1015) tonnes of dissolved salts.

  15. Dissolved Gases • Many gases are also dissolved in water. • As the temperature of water increases the amount of dissolved gas in it decreases. This is because when the water warms up the particles of water and the particles of oxygen move faster. This causes some of the dissolved oxygen to come out of the solution and escape into the air. Think about pop!

  16. Factories and their Affect on the Environment! • When factories release warm water into rivers and lakes this water contains less dissolved gases in it even if it is clean and pure. This means that the water has less carbon dioxide for aquatic plant life and less oxygen for fish.

  17. Sap The juicy fluid of a plant. For example, maple syrup is a very popular form of sap. Historical Fact: the original inhabitants of Canada were processing sap from maple trees long before European settlers arrived.

  18. Dilute This solution contains relatively little solute.

  19. Concentrated This solution contains a lot of solute for the amount of solvent. For example, it takes 30 to 40L of sap to make 1L of maple syrup.

  20. Salinity The saltiness of water.

  21. Tapping Drilling holes in to a tree to extract sap out of it.

  22. ENJOY YOUR DAY !

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