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Chapter 23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age

Chapter 23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age . 1869-1896. The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant Why was Grant nominated for the presidency? What was the Republican party’s platform during the election of 1868? What was Grant’s campaign slogan?

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Chapter 23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age

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  1. Chapter 23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age 1869-1896

  2. The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant • Why was Grant nominated for the presidency? • What was the Republican party’s platform during the election of 1868? • What was Grant’s campaign slogan? • What could Democrats agree on during the election of 1868? • What issues did Democrats disagree on? • Who did the Democrats nominate? Why was this nominee significant? • What was the outcome of the election of 1868 and why were the voting numbers important (specifically to Republicans)?

  3. The Era of Good Stealings • Economically, what was happening in American during this time period? • Who were “Jubilee Jim” Fisk and Jay Gould and how do they relate to the term “Black Friday”? • Who was Boss Tweed and what did he do? • A Carnival of Corruption • Politically, at the federal level, what was happening at this time? • What was the Credit Mobilier scandal? • Describe the Whiskey Ring scandal. • Who was Sir William Belknap and what did he do?

  4. The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 • Why did the Liberal Republican Party form? • Who did the Liberal Republicans nominate in 1872 and why was this problematic? • Why was the fact that Democrats endorsed Greeley considered foolish? • How did Greeley please the Democrats? • Who did the Republicans nominate and who won? • How did the Liberal Republicans affect the regular Republicans? • Depression, Deflation, and Inflation • What caused the panic of 1873? • How did citizens react to the panic of 1873? • Who was most greatly impacted by the panic of 1873? • Describe the issue over hard money versus folding money. (Who wanted each currency and why?) • Describe the Resumption Act of 1875. • How did the Federal Government treat silver? • Who were proponents of the “Dollar of our Daddies”? • Describe the policy of contraction and its impact. • How did the hard money policy impact the Republican party?

  5. Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age • Why was the politically seesaw of the Gilded Age considered to be “delicately balanced”? • What issues did Democrats and Republicans see eye to eye on? • What were some of the outcomes of the competitiveness between Republicans and Democrats? • Why were the two parties competitive? • Describe Republican voters and the location of their support base. • Describe Democrat voters and the location of their support base. • What was the “life blood” of both parties? • Describe the conflict between the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds. • The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876 • What happened when Grant was willing to run for a third term? • Why did the Republicans turn to Rutherford B. Hayes? • Who was nominated by the Democrats? • Describe the major issue with the election of 1876.

  6. The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction • Describe the Electoral Count Act of 1877. • Describe the settlement of the election of 1877. • What were the major components of the Compromise of 1877? • Who became president in 1877? • What was sacrificed with the Compromise of 1877? • Describe the Civil Rights Act of 1875. • Why did the Supreme Court pronounce much of the Civil Rights Act unconstitutional? • How did Hayes “clinch” the presidency? • The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South • Who regained power in the South and how did this impact African Americans? • Describe sharecropping and tenant farming. • What were the Jim Crow Laws? • What was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson? • What was the reality of “separate but equal”?

  7. Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes • Class warfare was a by-product of ___________ and ________ following the panic of 1873. • What happened to railroad workers and how did President Hayes respond? • In which fields (jobs) did the Chinese immigrants work? • What kind of hardships did Chinese immigrants face? • Who was Denis Kearney, what did he do, and why did he do it? • Describe the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. • What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in regards to U.S. v. Wong Kim? • Garfield and Arthur • Why was Garfield chosen for the Republican nomination and who was his VP? • Who was the Democratic candidate? • Who won the election of 1880? • What happened to President Garfield and why? • What was the positive outcome of President Garfield’s death? • Describe the major components of the Pendleton Act of 1883. • What were some problems caused by civil service reform? • How did the Republican Party respond to President Arthur’s reforms?

  8. The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 • Who was the clear choice for the Republican nomination of 1884 and why was this problematic? • Who was the Democratic nominee? • What kind of dirt did the Republicans find on Grover Cleveland? • The election was very close. On what state did the election hinge and how did Blaine lose? • “Old Grover” Takes Over • What questions arouse once Cleveland won the election? • What were Cleveland’s principles? • How did Cleveland narrow the North-South chasm? • How did Cleveland deal with civil service jobs? • Why were military pensions an issue for Cleveland?

  9. Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff • Why did Cleveland need to deal with the tariff issue? • How could Congress deal with the treasury surplus? • How did Cleveland deal with the tariff issue? • How did Democrats and Republicans respond to Cleveland’s idea to lower the tariff in 1887? • Who was nominated in the 1888 election? • What did the Republican party do during the election season of 1888? • Who won the election of 1888 and why was this significant? • The Billion-Dollar Congress • Describe the issues with Congress under Harrison. • Who was Thomas B. Reed and why was he significant? • Why was this Congress called the “Billion Dollar” Congress? • Describe the McKinley Tariff of 1890. • How did the McKinley Act impact farmers and the Republican party?

  10. The Drumbeat of Discontent • Who were members of the Populist Party? • What was the Populist platform? • Who was the Populist nominee for the Presidential election of 1892? • How did nation wide strikes impact the Populist Party? • Describe the Carnegie steel strike. • How did the Populists fare in the election of 1892? • Why didn’t Southern workers join the Populist Party? • How did the Populist movement impact African American suffrage? • How did African American suffrage impact the Populist party? • Cleveland and Depression • Why did Grover Cleveland get reelected in 1892? • What contributed to the depression of 1893? • What happened to the country during 1893? • How were people draining gold from the government? • Who was William Jennings Bryan and what did he believe? • What would happen if the US was moved off the Gold Standard? • How did JP Morgan help with the issue of Gold?

  11. Cleveland Breeds a Backlash • How did Cleveland respond to the backlash of his deal with Morgan? • Describe the Wilson-Gorman Tariff. • What part of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff did the Supreme Court strike down? • How did the Democratic party fare during these years? • Why were Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Harrison and Cleveland considered the “forgettable presidents”?

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