1 / 46

Irrigation

Irrigation. Water and Irrigation. IMPORTANT ISSUES: WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY  CONSERVATION TURFGRASS AND WATER GRASS PLANT IS 80 TO 95% WATER AT 60% H 2 0 THE PLANT DIES . Water and Irrigation.

zavad
Télécharger la présentation

Irrigation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Irrigation

  2. Water and Irrigation • IMPORTANT ISSUES: WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY  • CONSERVATION • TURFGRASS AND WATER • GRASS PLANT IS 80 TO 95% WATER • AT 60% H20 THE PLANT DIES 

  3. Water and Irrigation • TURGIDITY: ________________________________________________________________________________  • TRANSPIRATION RATE DEPENDS UPON ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS: • TRANSPIRATION RATES ALSO VARY WITH TURF SPECIES AND CULTIVAR

  4. Turfgrass Water Needs • AN ACRE TURFGRASS CAN LOSE IN EXCESS OF 10,000 GALLONS OF WATER TO THE ATMOSPHERE DAILY • HOT, SUNNY, DRY, WINDY CONDITIONS • TURFGRASS NEEDS 60 TO 70 GALLONS OF WATER TO PRODUCE 1 POUND OF DRY MATTER

  5. Water Relations in Turfgrass • WHEN TRANSPIRATION LOSSES EXCEED ROOT ABSORPTION THE FOLLOWING MAY HAPPEN:

  6. Water Relations in Turfgrass • LESS _____________________ • REDUCED SHOOT ELONGATION • DECREASED TURGIDITY AND SUCCULENCE • METABOLIC PROCESSES BECOME SLOWER

  7. Water Relations in Turfgrass • SYMPTOMS OF DROUGHT STRESS IN TURFGRASS • LEAVES ________________________________ (OVERERHEATED, WEAK OR DAMAGED ROOT SYSTEMS, LACK OFWATER) -- • NEVER MOW, AERIFY, FERTILIZE OR DO ANYTHING TO TURF IN DROUGHT STRESS!

  8. Soil And Water • INFILTRATION RATE: THE SPEED AT WHICH A SOIL CAN ABSORB WATER • INFILTRATION RATE RANGES FROM 0.1 INCH/HOUR IN CLAY SOILS TO AS MORE THAN 3+ INCHES/ HOUR IN SANDY SOILS

  9. Soil And Water • COMPACTION: • RESULTS IN THE LOSS OF MACROPORES (Soil structure) • A CONSIDERABLE DECREASE IN THE INFILTRATION RATE OCCURS

  10. Soil And Water • PERCOLATION: THE MOVEMENT OF WATER DOWN THROUGH A SOIL • SANDY LOAM SOIL 2 FEET IN 30 MINUTES • CLAY LOAM 2 FEET IN 4 HOURS 

  11. Soil And Water • SANDY SOIL

  12. Soil And Water • CLAY SOILS

  13. TERMS TO KEEP IN MIND: • FIELD CAPACITY: • PERMENANT WILTING POINT: • AVALIABLE WATER:

  14. From: http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/pnw0475/pnw0475.html

  15. TERMS TO KEEP IN MIND: • ADHESION: THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN WATER MOLECULES AND THE SURFACE OF SOIL PARTICLES

  16. TERMS TO KEEP IN MIND: • COHESION: THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN MOLECULES OF WATER • EVAPOTRANSPIRATION:

  17. Irrigation • FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE AMOUNT AND FREQUENCY OF IRRIGATION WATER REQUIRED ARE: • GRASS SPECIES AND CULTIVARS  • SOIL TYPE  • LEVEL OF MAINTENANCE

  18. Irrigation • PRECIPITATION AMOUNT AND FREQUENCY • WEATHER CONDITIONS : • HUMIDITY, WIND AND TEMPERATURE

  19. Determining When Grass Needs Water And Application Rates • WATER WHEN SYMPTOMS OF MOISTURE STRESS APPEAR • COLOR OF TURF---BLUE-GREEN OR GRAYISH GREEN • TRACKING REMAINS-FOOTPRINTS OR MACHINERY TRACKS • SOIL EXAMINATION---- • KNIFE OR SOIL PROBE • TENSIOMETER

  20. From:http://lieth.ucdavis.edu/Research/tens/97/Tensiometer- “pull’ of water moves gauge

  21. Determining When Grass Needs Water And Application Rates • MOISTURE METERS WHICH MEASURE ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE BETWEEN ELECTRODES • http://www.sowacs.com/sensors/gypsum.html • NEAR INFRA RED REFLECTANCE • http://www.sensortech.com/main_pages/moisture/infrared.htm • TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY • http://www.sowacs.com/sensors/tdr.html

  22. Determining Turfgrass Water Needs • EVAPORATION PANS IN A SUNNY LOCATION

  23. Determining When Grass Needs Water And Application Rates • ESTIMATE OF THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION • http://ag.arizona.edu/azmet/et1.htm • COOL SEASON TURF GENERALLY REQUIRES ABOUT ________________________________________________________________________________ • http://www.soils.wisc.edu/wimnext/water.html

  24. How should irrigation be applied? • A ___________ IRRIGATION APPLIED IN __________________ TO AVOID RUN OFF ONCE OR TWICE A WEEK • BEST IN SOILS WITH ADEQUATE WATER HOLDING CAPACITY AND DEEPLY ROOTED TURFGRASS

  25. SANDY SOILS SHOULD BE IRRIGATED AT LEAST TWICE A WEEK, OFTEN DAILY WHEN ET IS HIGH- • SAND ONLY HOLDS ABOUT 0.1” OF WATER/ INCH OF SOIL!

  26. DAILY WATERING IS NOT USUALLY RECOMMENDED---SHALLOW ROOTING OFTEN RESULTS. • However, on sandy soils daily irrigation is often required through warm dry periods.

  27. If site specific ET data isn’t available, irrigation to replacement of 75-80% of open pan evaporation is usually adequate for most cool season turf.

  28. Determining Irrigation Needs • PROPER AMOUNT OF WATER: IS THE SOIL WET TO A DEPTH JUST BELOW THE MAJORITY OF THE ROOT SYSTEM ? • THIS IS USUALLY 4 TO 6 INCHES • PLACEMENT OF CONTAINERS TO COLLECT WATER FROM SPRINKLERS----DETERMINATION OF PRECIPITATION RATE • http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/ag508_6.html

  29. Time of Day to Irrigate • BEST TIME: • NIGHT----DISEASE PROBLEMS MAY DEVELOP IF THE GRASS IS DAMP OVERNIGHT (LWD)

  30. Other Water Application • SYRINGING: LIGHT WATERING LASTING NO LONGER THAN A FEW MINUTES • GENERALLY DON’T WANT TO ______________________________________ • BEST PERFORMED EARLY AFTERNOON; MOST USED ON GOLF COURSE TURF 

  31. Some Basics of Sprinkler Irrigation • Length of irrigation cycle is dependent on soil type. • Generally, ___________________________ are more effective than one long cycle. • Many sprinkler types are available to homeowners. (soaker hoses, oscillating, impact, etc)

  32. Some Basics of Sprinkler Irrigation • Average precipitation rate with average water pressure is around 0.5” per hour. Test… • The more hose you put out, the greater the pressure loss… so you must increase watering time in areas where more hose is needed to reach sprinkler.

  33. Some Basics of Sprinkler Irrigation • Precipitation rate at the edge of the pattern is generally ________________________________ for most types of sprinklers. • Wind greatly effects distribution pattern of all above ground sprinkler systems.

  34. Some Basics of Sprinkler Irrigation • In ground systems should be designed with ________________________________to assure even distribution of water.

  35. Head to head coverage

  36. Some Basics of Sprinkler Irrigation • http://www.rainbird.com/ • http://www.toro.com/landscape/irrigation/index.html • http://www.arrosage.com/ • http://jessstryker.com/

  37. Effective Coverage and Coefficient of Uniformity • Older impact type sprinklers actually have about the ___________________________, however these heads are rarely used anymore. • Rotor driven sprinklers are the most commonly used sprinklers, especially on large sites. Rotor driven sprinklers also have a ________________________________________ • Pop up fixed spray heads generally have a lower ________________________________________. However, they are still commonly used on many residential sites due to their low cost.

  38. Fixed spray head performance.

More Related