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THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND THE GERM CELLS

THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND THE GERM CELLS. - Human development starts at fertilization. - Fertilization is the process by which the spermatozoon (a male gamete) and the oocyte (a female gamete) unite to give a single cell; the zygote.

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THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND THE GERM CELLS

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  1. THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANSAND THE GERM CELLS - Human development starts at fertilization. - Fertilization is the process by which the spermatozoon (a male gamete) and the oocyte (a female gamete) unite to give a single cell; the zygote. - The spermatozoon develops in the testis and the ovum develops in the ovary.

  2. THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS It consists of 2 testes & duct system.

  3. - The testis is the male sex gland. - It is divided into 250 lobes. - Each lobe contains 1-3 seminiferous tubules. - Each tubule has an outer fibrous coat called basement membrane. - The cells lying on the membrane are of 2 types: a. Sertoli cells: They are the supporting cells, share in their nutrition and assist in the release of mature sperms. b. Spermatogonia

  4. The male duct system: It starts by the coiled epididymis and the ductus deferens (vas deferens) which unites with the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct. The later conveys the sperms into the prostatic urethra

  5. THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS It consists of 2 ovaries, uterus, 2 Fallopian tubes, vagina, external genitalia.

  6. 1. The ovary: A small gland lying close to the free end of the uterine tube. It is divided into a cortex and medulla, 2. The uterine tubes: They are two (each one is about 10 cm long) and carry the ova from the ovary to the uterine cavity.

  7. Parts of the uterine tube: a. Fimbriated end: It lies near to the ovary (most lateral part). b. Ampullary part: The widest part of the tube. c. The isthmus: It is the narrow part. d. The interstitial part: the narrowest part of the tube.

  8. 3. The uterus: - It is a hollow muscular organ. - The uterine tubes are attached to its upper lateral angles. - Its lower part is called the cervix. -The endometrium (mucous membrane) is divided into three strata:

  9. Layers of the endometrium A-Stratum compactum (the compact layer): It is the most superficial layer. It is the site of implantation. B- Stratum spongiosum (the spongy layer): It is the middle layer. c- Stratum basale (the basal layer): It lies next to the uterine muscle (myometrium). Regeneration of the endometrium takes place from this layer.

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