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SOLUTIONS

SOLUTIONS. Solutions. Solutions - homogeneous systems. Solutions - homogeneous systems. Which is the solution ?. Which is the mixture ?. Solutions - homogeneous systems. mixture. solution. Solutions - homogeneous systems. What is the solution ?. What is the mixture ?.

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SOLUTIONS

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  1. SOLUTIONS

  2. Solutions

  3. Solutions - homogeneous systems

  4. Solutions - homogeneous systems Which is the solution? Which is the mixture?

  5. Solutions - homogeneous systems mixture solution

  6. Solutions - homogeneous systems What is the solution? What is the mixture?

  7. Solutions 2 components: solvent solute

  8. Solutions 2 components: solvent solute substance being dissolved substance in which solute is dissolved “VATER”

  9. WHY is water such a good solvent??? What is the chemistry behind it?

  10. H2O is a covalently bonded molecule - H H + H O & O H

  11. H2O is a bonded molecule - H H Bonded COVALENTLY + H O & O H This is different than an IONIC BOND

  12. This is water H2O)

  13. The electrons are being shared by the three atoms This is water H2O)

  14. Covalent bonds SHARE electrons

  15. BUT, WHAT do you notice, if anything, about the CHARGES…. Where are there more electrons???

  16. The electrons are being shared by the three atoms UNEQUALLY + - +

  17. We call this being a : POLAR molecule + - H H + - H O & O H + Unequally charged sides of the molecule

  18. H2O is a POLAR molecule + - H H + - H O & O H + Unequally charged sides of the molecule

  19. Oxygen is an electron HOG!!!

  20. It acts as a magnet + H - O H + + -

  21. This is a solution… H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ The water is the solvent… H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ The extra H+ is the solute… H+ H+ H+ H+

  22. This is a solution… OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- The water is the solvent… OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- The extra OH- are the solute… OH- OH- OH- OH-

  23. Solutions solvent solute substance being dissolved substance in which solute is dissolved “VATER”

  24. Solutions solvent ACIDS & BASES measure the amount of hydronium ions(H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-) dissolved in a solution

  25. This is an ACIDIC solution STRONG H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ The water is the solvent… H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ The extra H+ is the solute… H+ H+ H+ H+

  26. This is an ACIDIC solution weaker H+ H+ H+ H+ The water is the solvent… H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ The extra H+ is the solute… H+ H+

  27. This is an ACIDIC solution very weak H+ H+ H+ The water is the solvent… H+ H+ H+ The extra H+ is the solute… H+ H+

  28. This is a neutral solution… OH- H+ OH- H+ OH- H+ OH- H+ The water is the solvent… OH- H+ H+ OH- OH- H+ OH- OH- H+ H+ H+ OH- H+ OH- OH- H+ OH- H+ OH- H+

  29. Note: this is NOT a REGUAR NUMBER LINE

  30. ACID • sour tasting… • hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?

  31. BASE • bitter tasting… • hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION? * slippery

  32. Note: this is NOT a REGUAR NUMBER LINE IT IS LOGARITHMIC

  33. Logarithmic = a way to express EXPONENTS 1=100; 10=101; 100=102; 1,000=103; 1,000,000=106, etc. and 0.1=1/10=10-1; 0.001=1/1,000=10-3,

  34. 10,000,000X H+ than in neutral 1,000,000X H+ than in neutral 100,000X H+ 10,000X H+ 1000X H+ than in neutr. 100X H+ than in neutral 10X H+ than in neutral

  35. 1/10X H+ than in neutral 1/100X H+ than in neutral 1/1,000X H+ than in neutral 1/10,000X H+ than in neutral 1/100,000X H+ than in neutral 1/1,000,000X H+ than in neutral 1/10,000,000X H+ than in neutral

  36. REMEMBER, this is NOT a simple number line…

  37. ACID * pH between 6.9 - 1 * turns blue litmus paper RED * sour tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?

  38. BASE * pH between 7.1 - 14 * turns red litmus paper BLUE * bitter tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION? * slippery

  39. Litmus paper • Gives a Qualitative reading In an acid, blue litmus paper turns RED In an base, red litmus paper turns BLUE

  40. Litmus paper

  41. pH paper • Gives a Qualitative reading

  42. In this lab, you will use: • Gives a Quantitative reading pH paper blue red • Gives a Qualitative reading

  43. Digital pH meter • Insert into solution

  44. Digital pH meter • RINSE with distilled water to clean when you are finished testing each substance.

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