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Understanding Bits, Bytes, and Computer Components: A Comprehensive Overview

DESCRIPTION

This document serves as a roadmap to basic terminology and essential components of computers. It covers foundational concepts like bits and bytes, which form the smallest units of information, along with storage types such as KB, MB, GB, and TB. The discussion extends to major computer components including the power supply unit (PSU), hard drives (HDD), motherboards (MOBO), CPUs, and RAM. Additionally, the text briefly addresses various operating systems and their importance in computer functionality. Suitable for those seeking to understand the basics of computer architecture and operation.

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Understanding Bits, Bytes, and Computer Components: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Bits and Bytes WeeSan Lee weesan@cs.ucr.edu

  2. Roadmap • Basic Terminology • Computer Components • Operating Systems • Conclusion • References

  3. 8 8 4 4 2 2 1 1 Basic Terminology • Bits • The smallest unit of information in a computer • 0 or 1 • Bytes • 8 bits • Eg. 0100 10102 = 4A16 = 74 = ‘J’ 0100 1010 = 4A A 4

  4. Basic Terminology (cont) • KB • Kilo Bytes • Eg. 1 KB = 1,024 Bytes ≈ 1,000 Bytes • MB • Mega Bytes • Eg. 1 MB = 1,048,576 ≈ 1,000,000 Bytes • GB • Giga Bytes • Eg. 1 GB = 1,073,741,824 ≈ 1,000,000,000 Bytes • TB • Tera Bytes • Eg. 1 TB = 1000 GB

  5. Computer Floppy Drive Optical Drive Hard Drive http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stripped-computer-case.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit

  6. Computer (cont) • PSU (Power Supply Unit) • Power up the computer • HDD (Hard Disk Drive) • A mass-storage for the computer • Size: 3.5” for desktop, 2.5” for laptop • Speed: 5400/7200 RPM • Type: ATA100/133 vs. SATA • Capacity: 8/17/32/60/80/120/160/250/500GB • 500GB = ½TB

  7. Computer (cont) • FDD (Floppy Disk Drive) • Format: 5¼ ” or 3.5” • Capacity: 1.2M or 1.4M • Optical Drive • CDROM/CD-RW for CD • DVDROM/DVD-RW for DVD

  8. Computer (cont) • Motherboard (MOBO) • Primary circuit board of the computer • Form factor: ATX/MicroATX/SFF • Newest form factor: HumpATX? • http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/hacks/hump_atx.html

  9. Computer (cont) Floppy Disk Controller IDE Controller SATA Controller Power Connector CPU socket Back plane I/O

  10. Computer (cont) • CPU (Central Processing Unit or processor) • The brain of the computer • Performs computation, data processing, etc http://www.intel.com/products/i/products/pentium4.jpg http://www.global-b2b-network.com/direct/dbimage/50086366/CPU_Cooler.jpg

  11. Computer (cont) • Brand • Intel • 286/386/486, Pentium III/4, Xeon, Dual-Core, Core 2 Solo/Duo • AMD • K6/2, K7, Sempron, Athlon, Opteron • Clock speed • 66/100/200/300/450/600/800MHz • 1.2/1.4/1.6/1.83/2.0/3.0/3.2GHz • Overclocking • Forces a CPU to run faster than it was designed for

  12. Computer (cont) • RAM (Random Access Memory) • A place that a program and data are kept so that they are accessible by the CPU • Types: SDRAM/DDR/DDR2/SO-DIMM • Name • DDR-200/266/333/400 • DDR2-400/533/667/800 • Capacity • 32/64/128/256/512MB • 1/2/4GB

  13. Computer (cont) • Expansion slots • A place that expansion cards can be inserted to increase the functionality of the computer • Eg. Modem card, audio card, video card, Ethernet card, etc. • Type • ISA • PCI • AGP • PCI Express

  14. Computer (cont) • Back panel I/O Ethernet Port Firewire Port Mouse Printer Port Audio ports VGA port USB port Keyboard Serial Port

  15. Operating Systems • The software between the HW and apps • Eg. • Windows 95/98/2000/NT/ME/XP/Vista • Mac OS X (10.3/10.4) • Linux Distribution: Slackware/Redhat/Suse/Debian/Ubuntu/CentOS

  16. Conclusion • Bits & Bytes • Computer • PSU • MOBO • CPU • RAM • HDD/FDD/Optical Drive

  17. References • Internet Effectively (Ch 1-2) • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/pc.htm • ~ 3 mins of video • Motherboard • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ASRock_K7VT4A_Pro_Mainboard_Labeled_English.png

  18. Homework • Read RFC2555 • ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2555.txt • List all the names of the people appeared in the RFC • Submit the list via Moodle by next Wed (Oct 3) @ 23:55pm

  19. Lab 1 • Get your CS username and password • Get familiar with Moodle • Update your profile • Post a message to the forum • Submit HW1 • Create a screendump • Form a team • 4-5 members • Pick a cool team name • Pick a team leader • Post your team info. to the “Form a Team” forum

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