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African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam

8. African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam. 8. Flash Cards Sundiata Mansa Musa. African Societies. Bantu migration population pressures one language base Animism gods of nature ethical code lineage important. The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia. Copts

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African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam

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  1. 8 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam

  2. 8 Flash Cards Sundiata Mansa Musa

  3. African Societies • Bantu migration • population pressures • one language base • Animism • gods of nature • ethical code • lineage important

  4. The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia • Copts • Egyptian Christians • Welcomed Muslims • Spread to Nubia (Kush) • Ethiopia • Heirs to Axum

  5. Bananas in Africa Introduced ~ 500 ce, Madagascar • Spread through central Africa • Social structure affected • Women began cultivating • Women entered the economy

  6. Ghana/Mali/Songhai Ghana, 8th – 13th c. • Gold for salt • Large army • Converted to Islam

  7. Gold/Salt Trade Mali • Founded by Sundiata, 13th c. • Alliances, strong army • Expanded empire • Mansa Musa • Grand-nephew • Devoted Muslim • Remarkable hajj

  8. Mali • Mansa Kankan Musa • Pilgrimage to Mecca • Brings back Ishal al-Sahili • Architect from Muslim Spain • Beaten clay architecture • Glorifies Timbuktu • Decline by 1400s

  9. Songhai Songhai • Expanded through conquest • Sunni Ali • Professional army • Center for learning & trade • Moroccan troops invaded, 1591 • With gunpowder!

  10. Empires of the Western Sudan

  11. City Dwellers and Villagers • Jenne, Timbuktu • Thrive with expansion of Mali, Songhay

  12. Political and Social Life in the Sudanic States • Fusion of Muslim, indigenous traditions

  13. The Swahili Coast

  14. The Swahili Coast of East Africa • Trading ports • Muslim influence strong • Rest of population remains traditional

  15. The Coastal Trading Ports • Mogadishu, Mombasa, Kilwa, Zanzibar • Madagascar • S.E. Asian immigrants • Bring bananas, coconuts

  16. The Coastal Trading Ports • Islam united • Swahili helped • Blended culture • Bantu & Islamic • Swahili • Spread along coast • Traded with Asia

  17. Peoples of the Sahel Background: • Yoruba and Benin • Artists and Kings • Nok culture, 500 B.C.E. and 200 C.E. • Nigerian forests • Agriculture, iron tools

  18. Peoples of the Forest and Plains • Yoruba • Urbanized agriculturalists • Small city-states • Divine kings

  19. Central African Kingdoms • Bantu close to Cape Horn by 1200 • Form states

  20. The Kingdoms of the Kongo and Mwene Mutapa • Kongo • Along lower Congo, by 15th c. • Federation of 8 states • Agricultural • Conflict with Pygmies • Pronounced gender division of labor • Women farm, men clear hunt & trade

  21. Kingdoms of Africa • Zimbabwe (stone courts) • By 9th century • Great Zimbabwe • Mwene Mutapa • Controlled gold sources

  22. Internal Developments and Global Contacts • Spread of Islam • Brought sub-Saharan Africa into world trade • Yet, some developments outside Muslim influence • Portugal brought new contacts

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