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BIOLOGY FORM 5

CHAPTER 1 : TRANSPORT. BIOLOGY FORM 5. SUBTOPICS. The Importance of Having a Transport System in Some Multicellular Organisms The Circulatory System The Mechanism of Blood Clotting The Lymphatic System The Role of the Circulatory System in the Body’s Defence Mechanism

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BIOLOGY FORM 5

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  1. CHAPTER 1 : TRANSPORT BIOLOGY FORM 5

  2. SUBTOPICS • The Importance of Having a Transport System in Some Multicellular Organisms • The Circulatory System • The Mechanism of Blood Clotting • The Lymphatic System • The Role of the Circulatory System in the Body’s Defence Mechanism • Appreciating a Healthy Cardiovascular System • The Transport of Substances in Plants • The Transport of Organic Substances & Water in Plants

  3. 1.1 The Importance of Having A Transport System in Some Multicellular Organisms

  4. 1.1 - The Importance of Having a Transport System in Some Multicellular Organisms • LEARNING OUTCOMES : • To identify the problem that could be faced by multicellular organisms in obtaining their cellular requirements & getting rid of their waste products • To suggest how the problem is overcome in multicellular organisms

  5. 1.1 - The Importance of Having a Transport System in Some Multicellular Organisms • All living organisms need to constantly exchange substances between cells & their external environment (food, waste & gases). • All this process is performed by a transport system.

  6. Small organisms have a large total surface area to volume (TSA/V) ratio. So, diffusion of substances occurs rapidly (short distance only). • Some simple organisms such as flatworms have thin flatten bodies  provide a large surface area • In Hydra, water enters through the mouth into the body cavity. As the body wall is only two cell layers thick, substances can move rapidly into or out of the body cells. • Do not require a specialised internal transport system

  7. Larger organisms, increased need for more nutrients & oxygen to be supplied to the larger number of cells. Need to excrete more waste products. • The size increases, TSA/V ratio decreases. • Many of the body cells are too far away from the external surface or between different parts of the body. • Simple diffusion occurs at too slow a rate to sustain cellular activities.

  8. Larger multicellular organisms have adapted by developing specialised structures to increase the surface area for exchange of substances. • Have developed an internal transport system of vessels or tubes. • In human & more complex animals, there is development of a blood circulation system to carry the substances. • In plants, transport of substances is carried out by the vascular system (xylem & phloem).

  9. END OF SUBTOPIC 1.1 OPPS…DON’T FORGET TO COPY EXERCISE ON THE NEXT PAGE!!

  10. EXERCISE 1.1 • State two problems faced by multicellular organisms in obtaining their cellular requirements & removing waste product. • State how these problems are overcome in multicellular organisms. 3. Explain why unicellular organisms do not face the problems listed in (Q1).

  11. Iyah..iyah..Iyah…. THE END THANK YOU

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