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Introduction to Pharmaceutical Calculation

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Calculation. Pharmaceutical Calculation. application of basic mathematical calculations to ensure safe and effective pharmaceutical and medication preparation. Accurate calculation of formulas and conversions are vital.

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Introduction to Pharmaceutical Calculation

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  1. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Calculation

  2. Pharmaceutical Calculation • application of basic mathematical calculations to ensure safe and effective pharmaceutical and medication preparation. • Accurate calculation of formulas and conversions are vital.

  3. Application of Pharm Calc to Pharmacy Practice • Dose calculation • Temperature conversion • Flow Rates • Measurement conversion

  4. Application of Pharm Calc to Pharmacy Practice • Dilution • Solution concentration • Ingredient calculation for compounds • Prescription quantity calculation

  5. Importance of Pharmaceutical Calculation Skills • Ensure accuracy • Ensure patient safety by providing correct dose • May cause harm to patient if not done properly • To avoid under-dosing • To avoid overdosing

  6. Review of Basic Algebraic Functions • Addition • Subtraction • Multiplication • Division

  7. Addition • Component parts • Addends – two numbers that are added • Total – answer to an addition problem - also called sum

  8. Addition • Addition Symbol: + • Total or Sum Symbol: = or ________

  9. Subtraction • The difference between two numbers • Component parts • Difference – the answer to a subtraction problem • Minuend – upper number • Subtrahend – lower number • Ex: 702 - minuend - 512 - subtrahend 190 – difference Symbol : -

  10. Multiplication • “repeated addition” • Component parts • Factors – numbers that are multiplied together • Product – result of multiplication problem • Symbol : x

  11. Division • “separating into parts” • Prime number – number whose only factors are one and itself • Component parts of division • Dividend – number being divided • Divisor – number that is being used to divide • Quotient – the answer to a division problem • Symbol: ÷ or / or

  12. Division • Expressed in several ways Ex: 100 / 20 = 5 dividend divisor quotient 100 ÷ 20 = 5 dividend divisor quotient 5 quotient 20 100 dividend divisor

  13. Practice Problems • Mr. Haddad gave you a prescription for Metoprolol50mg two times daily. Compute the total amount of Metoprolol(in mg) he will consume in 7 days.

  14. Solution Metoprolol 50mg x 2 ( times per day) 100mg per day total Then 100 mg per day x 7 days Answer: 700 mg per week of Metoprolol total

  15. Practice problems • Pharmacy technician Omar Syed was instructed to repackage 920 milliliters (mls) bottle of wound care solution into 8 bottles. How many milliliters of wound care solution will each bottle contain?

  16. Solution Divide the 920 mls solution bottle by 8 bottles 920ml ÷ 8 bottles = 115 mls per bottle answer

  17. Arabic and Roman Numerals • Arabic numerals – used worldwide Ex: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 • Roman numerals – commonly used to denote quantities in pharmacy practice • Also commonly used in writing prescriptions

  18. Roman numerals Symbol Equivalent ½ or 0.5 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000 ss I V X L C D M

  19. Roman numerals • Note: • When a smaller Roman numeral is placed before a larger Roman numeral, the smaller Roman numeral is subtracted from the larger Roman numeral. • When a smaller Roman numeral is placed after a large one, the value of smaller numeral is added to the larger. • Ex: IX = 9 ( 10 or X minus 1 or I) • Ex: XXII = 22 ( 2 times 10 or XX plus 2 times 1 or II)

  20. Practice exercise Convert the following Roman numerals to Arabic numerals: IV = _______ DCV = ______ LXXIII = ______ VII = ________ XXXVII= ______ MCCCXLII = ______ XCI = _______ CDLV = _______

  21. QUESTIONS ?

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