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Understanding Solutions: Composition, Molarity, and Dilutions in Chemistry

A solution is a homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute and a solvent. The solute is dissolved in the solvent, which is usually present in a greater amount. Molarity is a key concept, calculated as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (M = n/V). This guide covers the basics of solution composition, concentrations, and methods for calculating molarity. Practical examples, such as dissolving NiCl2 to find molarity and performing dilutions, illustrate these concepts in action, emphasizing accurate problem-solving in chemistry.

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Understanding Solutions: Composition, Molarity, and Dilutions in Chemistry

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  1. Solutions IB Chemistry

  2. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances . It is made of a solvent and a solute.

  3. SOLUTE – the part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount) • SOLVENT – the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount) • Solute + Solvent = Solution

  4. moles solute ( M ) = Molarity liters of solution Concentration of Solution The amount of solute in a solution is given by its concentration. M = n/V mol dm-3

  5. Concentration • If something is concentrated it has more moles/grams of solute per amount of solvent. • Ex: 12 M HCl • If something is dilute it has less moles/grams of solute per amount of solvent Ex: 0.10 M HCl

  6. PROBLEM: Dissolve 5.00 g of NiCl2 in enough water to make 250 mL of solution. Calculate the Molarity. Step 1: Calculate moles of NiCl2•6H2O Step 2: Calculate Molarity

  7. PROBLEM: Dissolve 5.00 g of NiCl2 in enough water to make 250 mL of solution. Calculate the Molarity. Step 1: Calculate moles of NiCl2•6H2O Step 2: Calculate Molarity [NiCl2•6 H2O] = 0.0841 M

  8. What mass of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is required to make 250. mL of a 0.0500 M solution?

  9. Dilutions M1 V1 = M2 V2 Where:M1 = concentration of the first solutionV1 = volume of the first solutionM2 = concentration of the second solutionV2 = volume of the second solution Examples: 1.Howmanymililitersof a solution of 4M KI are needed to prepare 400 mL of a 0.76 M ?

  10. 1.Howmanymililitersof a solution of 4M KI are needed to prepare 400 mL of a 0.76 M ?

  11. IB Note • Square brackets [0.60] means • 0.60 M or • 0.60 mol/L or • 0.60 mol dm-3 This is what IB uses!

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