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Genetics Lesson Activities: Dive into Chromosomes, Cell Division, and Reproduction

Engage in hands-on learning with post-its, flip books, and microscope cheek cell swabs. Understand chromosomes, genes, and cell division through interactive labs and quizzes. Discover the magic of genetics this semester!

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Genetics Lesson Activities: Dive into Chromosomes, Cell Division, and Reproduction

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  1. Welcome Back! Sit anywhere…for now.

  2. Catalyst • Use the post-its on your desk to respond to the following three prompts silently. When done, stand up quietly and post your sticky note to the poster at the front of the room. You have 5 minutes. Go! • 1. What was a highlight and lowlight of your break? • 2. What is something that really worked for you last semester? • 3. What are you hoping to get out of this class this semester?

  3. Diving right in • Get 4 sheets of printer paper and make a flip book.

  4. Unit 4: Reproduction and Genetics • Your flip book should look like this when you’re done! Chromosomes Mitosis vs. Meiosis Meiosis Mendelian Genetics Punnett Squares Genetic Variation Extra Help

  5. Unit 4: Reproduction and Genetics • Why do we look and act the way we do?

  6. Chromosomes • Chromosomes are coiled DNA. What shape does it look like?

  7. Chromosomes • Genes: specific region of DNA that codes for a specific protein Different Genes From Mom From Dad Same centromere position Same Length Genes that control a trait (ex. eye color)

  8. Chromosomes • Homologous Chromosomes: a pair of chromosomes of the same length, same centromere position, and carry genes that control the same traits. One chromosome from each parent makes a pair. • Chromosome Number: Humans have 23 homologous pairs, and 46 chromosomes in total From Mom From Dad Same centromere position Same Length Genes that control a trait (ex. eye color)

  9. Chromosomes • 22 pairs (44 total) of human chromosomes are autosomes, meaning they are not directly related to the sex of the organism • 1 pair (2 total) of human choromosomes are sex chromosomes, meaning they are directly related to the sex of an organism.

  10. Quick Lab • Completely clear off your desk. • Send 1 person from your table to get: • 4 toothpicks • 4 glass slides • 4 cover slips • Wait silently for Ms. Adabale to give you more instructions

  11. Microscopes

  12. Get cheeky with it! • Take a toothpick and use the length of it to swab the inside of your cheek for about 5 seconds. Be careful not to poke yourself! • Once done, rub the end of the toothpick onto the center of your glass slide. • Once your table has everyone’s slide prepared, raise your hand and Ms. Adabale will come by and give you some iodine solution. • Once you are given the iodine solution, place your cover slip over the droplet and wait for further instructions.

  13. Using the microscope • Do not allow the lens to touch the slide • Always transport with 2 hands (one on the arm, one on the bottom • Once you are done looking at your cheek cells, let the next person use the microscope • Throw your cover slip away, rinse your slide WELL with water and dry with a paper towel. Then return them

  14. Quick Quiz! • How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? • What sex chromosomes do males have? • What are homologous chromosomes? • What’s another name for a specific region of DNA that codes for a specific protein?

  15. Cell Division

  16. Why is cell division important?

  17. Types of Cells • Somatic: also known as body cells, they make up your body tissue • Diploid: cell has two copies of each chromosome • Gametes: sex cells (eggs in females and sperm in males) • Haploid: cell has one copy of each chromosome • Why?

  18. Chromosomes • What would happen if human gametes each had 46 chromosomes? • Therefore… Gametes must have half (23) of the chromosomes! Fertilization Fertilization 46 23 46 92 23 46 Can’t be human! Human! Male Male Female Female Zygote Zygote

  19. Chromosomes • Let’s represent the # of chromosomes in a gamete for ANY organism as “n”. Fertilization n 2n n All Sexual Reproduction Male Female Zygote “Haploid” = n Gk. Haplos = Single “Diploid” = n Gk. Diplos = Double

  20. Somatic Cell Division • Mitosis: asexual reproduction where a single diploid parent cell divides into 2 genetically identical diploid cells

  21. Sex Cell Division • Meiosis: Sexual reproduction where a single diploid parent cell divides into 4 genetically unique haploid cells

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