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Politics of Reconstruction

Politics of Reconstruction. Ch 12 Sect 1 Pg 376. Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction. Reconstruction – the period during which the U.S. began to rebuild after the Civil War, lasting from 1865-1877. Lenient Reconstruction Policy

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Politics of Reconstruction

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  1. Politics of Reconstruction Ch 12 Sect 1 Pg 376

  2. Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction • Reconstruction – the period during which the U.S. began to rebuild after the Civil War, lasting from 1865-1877. • Lenient Reconstruction Policy • Lincoln believed that it was individuals not states that seceded from the Union.

  3. Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (Ten-Percent Plan) • Gov. would pardon all Confederates – except high ranking Confederate officials. • Swear allegiance to the Union. • After 10% of the population swore allegiance, a Confederate state could form a new state gov. • Given representation in Congress • Radical Republicans disagreed w/ plan.

  4. Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (Ten-Percent Plan) • Charles Sumner & Thaddeus Stevens led the Radical Republicans. • Radical Republicans • Wanted voting rights for blacks • Wanted to destroy the political power of slaveholding states. • Proposed the Wade Davis Bill – Congress not the president would control reconstruction. • Lincoln vetoed the bill

  5. Andrew Johnson • After Lincoln’s assassination, Andrew Johnson became president. • Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction… • Confederate states could be readmitted to the Union if it would meet several conditions. • Withdraw secession, swear allegiance to the Union, annul Confederate war debts, ratify the 13th amendment. • Prevented most high ranking confederates from swearing allegiance.

  6. Presidential Reconstruction • Congress refused to admit southern legislatures. • Continued and enlarged Freedman’s Bureau. • Assisted former slaves and poor whites in the South by distributing clothing and food. • Set up more that 40 hospitals, 4,000 schools, ect.

  7. Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws. • Black Codes – severely restricted African American lives. • Johnson shocked everyone when he vetoed both the Freedman’s Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act.

  8. Congressional Reconstruction • Moderate and Radical Republicans came together to override the president’s veto. • Civil Rights Act became law • Passed the 14th amendment – all people were entitled to equal protection of the law, and no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property w/o due process.

  9. Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Did not recognize state gov. under the Johnson & Lincoln plans. • Divided 10 former Confederate states into 5 military districts head by Union generals. • Elect delegates to conventions where new state constitutions would be drafted. • Constitutions must allow African Americans to vote & state must ratify 14th amendment.

  10. Major Reconstruction Legislation, 1865-1870

  11. Johnson Impeached • Radical leaders felt Johnson was not carrying out his constitutional duties to enforce the Reconstruction Act. • Impeach – to formally charge him w/ misconduct in office. • Passed the Tenure of Office Act – stated that the president could not remove cabinet members. • Johnson fired Secretary of War, Stanton. • Congress then brought impeachment charges against Johnson. • “Not Guilty”

  12. Ulysses S. Grant • Grant won the presidency • Passed the 15th amendment • States had no right to keep anyone from voting b/c of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

  13. Answer the following questions • What was Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan? • Who proposed the Wade-Davis Bill? Why? • How did Lincoln deal with the passage of the Wade-Davis Bill? • How did Johnson’s plan follow and differ from Lincoln’s? • How did the Radical republicans kill presidential reconstruction? • What did the Freedmen’s Bureau accomplish? • What legislation did moderates and radicals pass in 1866? • What was the Reconstruction Act of 1867? • Why was Johnson impeached? • Why was the Fifteenth Amendment passed?

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