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The Integumentary System

The integumentary system, comprising the skin, is the largest organ of the human body. It has three primary layers: the epidermis (the outermost layer with no blood vessels), the dermis (the true skin that contains blood vessels, nerves, and glands), and the subcutaneous tissue (the innermost layer connecting skin to muscles). Skin functions include protecting against pathogens and UV rays, regulating temperature, sensory response, and waste excretion. Abnormal skin colors and various skin diseases such as acne, eczema, and melanoma highlight its importance in health and well-being.

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System AKA: Skin Largest organ and system of body

  2. Layers of the Skin • Epidermis • Outermost layer • Made of 5-6 smaller layers • Contains no blood vessels • Contains melanocytes • Cells constantly shed and replaced

  3. Layers of the Skin • Dermis • Also called corium or true skin • Elastic framework gives skin strength • Contains • Blood vessels • Nerves • Involuntary muscle • Sweat & oil glands • Hair follicles

  4. Layers of the Skin • Subcutaneous tissue • Innermost layer • Composed o various tissues and fat cells • Connects skin to underlying muscles

  5. Glands of the Skin • Sudoriferous • Coiled tubes extend through dermis to open on surface of skin at a pore • Produce sweat

  6. Glands of the Skin • Sebaceous • Oil glands • Assoc w/ hair follicle to keep hair from being dry & brittle • Present on entire body except soles and palms • Ceruminous • Modified sweat gland in ear canal

  7. Accessory parts • Hair • Consists of a root that grows in hollow tube called follicle, and hair shaft • Helps protect body • Nails • Densely packed dead epithelial cells • Protects ends of phalanges

  8. Functions of Skin • Protection • Barrier to UV rays • Barrier against pathogens • Holds in moisture • Temperature regulations • Sensory • Nerves present in skin respond to pain, pressure, heat & cold

  9. Functions of Skin • Regulation of body temperature • Dilatation of blood vessels allow excess heat to escape • Constriction of blood vessels helps retain heat • Storage • Adipose tissue for energy • Some vitamins

  10. Functions of Skin • Absorption • Beneficial substances absorbed • Excretion • Eliminate waste products through sweat

  11. Abnormal Skin Colors • Melanin • Brownish-black • Absorbs UV light • Erythema • Reddish

  12. Abnormal Skin Colors • Jaundice • Yellowish • Cyanosis • Bluish discoloration

  13. Skin Diseases & Disorders • Acne • Inflammation of sebaceous glands • Alopecia • Balding

  14. Skin Diseases & Disorders • Athlete’s foot • Contagious fungal infection transmitted by wet floors • Cellulitis • Bacterial infection of dermis and subcutaneous layer

  15. Skin Diseases & Disorders • Contact dermatitis • Skin rash resulting from exposure to irritant • Decubitis ulcer • Sores over bony parts of body due to prolonged pressure

  16. Skin Diseases & Disorders • Eczema • Non contagious inflammatory skin disorder caused by reaction to allergen or irritant • Impetigo • Acute, contagious skin disease caused by Staph and/or Strep

  17. Skin Diseases & Disorders • Malignant Melanoma • Most serious form of skin cancer • Caused by overexposure to sun • Psoriasis • Chronic skin disorder-too many epidermal cells produced

  18. Skin Diseases & Disorders • Warts • Common, benign papilloma caused by a virus

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