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Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation

Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation. The States of Water. Evaporation And Humidity States of water Solid (ice) Liquid (water) Gas (vapor). With the person next to you…. …write down as many places that you can think of in the environment that contain water.

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Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation

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  1. Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation

  2. The States of Water • Evaporation And Humidity • States of water • Solid (ice) • Liquid (water) • Gas (vapor)

  3. With the person next to you… • …write down as many places that you can think of in the environment that contain water. In what ways do these transition from one form to another?

  4. Evaporation • Evaporation • water molecules with enough energy to escape the water's surface • acooling process

  5. Humidity • a measure of the amount of moisture in the air • specific humidity-the amount of water vapor actually present in the air • when specific humidity = air's capacity for holding water vapor  air is saturated

  6. Humidity • Relative humidity • expressed as a % • amount of water in the air / how much it could hold

  7. How Does Condensation Happen? • Air Temperature Reaches the Dew Point • Dew Point- temperature at which saturation occurs • 4 Ways that air loses heat • contacting a colder surface • radiating heat • mixing with colder air • expanding when rises

  8. How Does Condensation Happen? Water needs to condense on something • condensation nuclei • Salt • sulfate or nitrate particles (pollution) • puff of smoke contains millions of particles

  9. F/A 18 forces condensation out of the air approaching the speed of sound

  10. Clouds • Clouds • high fogs, mist, or haze that form when air above the surface cools below its dew point • Three main cloud types • Cirrus • thin feathery or tufted high ice-crystal clouds • Stratus • low sheets or layers, form in stable air (moving upward slowly) • Cumulus • thick fleecy masses formed by verticallyrising air currents

  11. Cloud Types • Clouds are classified into a system that uses Latin words to describe the appearance of clouds as seen by an observer on the ground. • Latin Root Translation Example cumulus heap cumulus Stratus layer altostratus cirrus curl of hair cirrus nimbus rain cumulonimbus

  12. Types of Clouds

  13. Rain – liquid from stratus / cumulus clouds Hail – frozen clumps of ice crystals from cumulonimbus Sleet – raindrops that freeze on their way down Snow – solid particles from stratus / cumulus clouds Forms of Precipitation

  14. Hail

  15. Where it Rains…

  16. Pacific Northwest

  17. Where it Rains windwardside of mountain ranges storm areas, places whereair rises and cools areas favored by global wind belts where air converges and has to go up…. around the Equator Where it Doesn’t leewardside of mountain ranges areas ofsinking (warming) air high pressure areas where global wind belts diverge Precipitation Areas

  18. Denver

  19. Acid Rain • Sulfate (SO2) and Nitrate (NO2)particles from pollution act as condensation nuclei • from burning of fossil fuels, volcanoes, and automobiles

  20. Avalanche Lake in Adirondack Park, New York State. Watersheds are especially vulnerable to acid rain Vermont's maple trees are particularly susceptible to the effects of acid rain Effects of Acid Rain

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