V. The Second World War

1. V. The Second World War • War of Movement • Blitzkrieg • “Lightning War” • Mechanized military - Airplanes, tanks, trucks

2. V. The Second World War 2 .Naval War • The U.S. and Japan developed aircraft carriers • Could launch planes to attack targets hundreds of miles away

3. V. The Second World War 3. Total War • The entire economy mobilized to support the war effort • Economies became tools of warfare • Civilians became targets

4. V. The Second World War B. War in Europe & North Africa • Poland • Germany invaded Poland in 1939 • Overwhelming combination of air attack, and fast moving armored strikes • Poland conquered within a month

5. V. The Second World War 2. Phony War • Allies decided not to attack Germany • Felt secure behind a defensive barrier on border with Germany, MaginotLine - “phony war”

6. Maginot Line

7. V. The Second World War 3. Western Europe Falls • Germany attacked Denmark and Norway in 1940 - fell with little resistance • Invaded Belgium and the Netherlands on their way to France - avoiding the Maginot Line • German forces overwhelmed the French • France captured within a month • Germans set up a loyal government in Southern France - Vichy France

8. Vichy France

9. V. The Second World War 4. The Battle of Britain • Germans turned attention to Britain • German air force, Luftwaffe, began a bombing campaign to prepare for invasion - “The Blitz” • Thousands of civilians died in the raids • British air force (RAF) aided by radar - Able to inflict heavy losses on Luftwaffe • By late 1940, bombing stopped and invasion was called off

10. The Blitz

11. V. The Second World War 5. Invasion of Russia • Hitler violated nonaggression pact, June 1941 • Germany invaded the Soviet Union • Largest attack in history • 3 million soldiers • Made rapid advances in summer and fall of 1941 • Advance came to halt in brutal Russian winter

12. V. The Second World War 6. Stalingrad • The turning point of the war in the Soviet Union was the battle of Stalingrad • The Germans repeatedly failed to capture the city. • 200,000 German soldiers surrender, Feb .1943 • After German defeat at Stalingrad, the Soviets slowly pushed the German army out of the Soviet Union.

13. V. The Second World War 7. North Africa • Mussolini dreamed of Mediterranean Empire - Ancient Rome • The British needed to control the Mediterranean to maintain oil supplies from the Middle East • Italian and German forces fought the British over control of North Africa • Pushed British out of Libya & into Egypt - Led by General Erwin Rommel • The British defeated the Germans at the Battle of El Alamein (Nov. 1942) • Turning point of the war in North Africa • Germans fled Africa in May 1943

14. V. The Second World War C. War in the Pacific • Japanese Expansion • Japan saw war in Europe an opportunity to increase territory - Occupied Indochina (Vietnam) in July 1941 • U.S. & Britain responded by ending shipments of steel to Japan

15. V. The Second World War 2. Japanese Options • Accept shame and give up conquests • Economic ruin • War with U.S.

16. V. The Second World War 3. Attack on Pearl Harbor • Surprise attack on Pearl Harbor HI, Dec 7, 1941 • Home of the American Pacific Fleet • Japanese war planes launched from aircraft carriers • Attacked fleet with torpedoes and bombs • All 8 battleships damaged - 4 sunk • American aircraft carriers at sea, avoided attack • U.S. declared War on Japan - Germany Italy declare war on U.S.

17. V. The Second World War 4. Japanese Aggression • Conquered all of South East Asia, Dutch East Indies & Philippines • Treated conquered people brutally • Confiscated food and raw materials to support war effort

18. V. The Second World War 5. Tide of War Turns • American bombers attack Tokyo April, 1942 • American victory at Battle of Coral Sea • Ends Japanese plan to conquer Australia • Battle of Midway - Japan loses 4 of 6 aircraft carriers - Turning point of war in Pacific

19. V. The Second World War D. The End of the War • Industrial Advantage • Allies had greater industrial capacity than Axis Powers • Better able to replace losses

20. V. The Second World War 2. Allied Invasion of Italy • From N. Africa, Allied troops invaded Sicily (7/1943) • Italians overthrew Mussolini, Italians surrendered (9/1943) • German forces continued to fight • Allied troops captured Rome (June 4, 1944)

21. Fate of Mussolini

22. V. The Second World War 3. Allied Invasion of France • D-Day- June 6, 1944 • 156,000 Allied soldiers landed on the beaches of Normandy in Northern France - Involved land, sea and air forces • faced heavy German resistance

27. V. The Second World War 4. Victory in Europe • Soviet troops pushed into Germany from East • Allied troops pushed into Germany from West • Hitler commits suicide April 30th, 1945 • Germany surrenders May, 7 1945

28. American & Soviet troops meet at the Elbe River

29. V. The Second World War 4. Island Hopping • U.S. forces moved from island moving closer to Japan • Amphibious invasions characterized by heavy casualties

30. V. The Second World War 5. Winning the War in the Pacific • Allied commanders hoped to force Japan to surrender • Naval blockade of Japan • Heavy bombing raids • Gen. Curtis Lemay led a air raid over Tokyo - Fire bombing killed 84,000 & destroyed 270,000 buildings

31. Fire Bombing of Tokyo

32. V. The Second World War 6. The Atomic Bomb • Hiroshima - Aug 6, 1945 - 80,000 killed instantly • 120,000 killed from burns and radiation - 2/3 of cities buildings destroyed - Japanese leaders took no action to end war • Nagasaki - Aug 9, 1945 • Americans decided to drop a second bomb on the city of Nagasaki • 40,000 killed

33. Hiroshima and Nagasaki destruction

34. V. The Second World War 7. Victory in Japan • Aug. 15, 1945 Emperor Hirohito announced surrender over the radio - First time the Japanese people had ever heard his voice

35. Read The Decision to Use the Bomb, pg 849 • Do you think that the use of atomic weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was justified? • Write a letter to the editor of the New York Times explaining your position

36. Work with a partner to answer the following question: • Why were Communist forces able to defeat the Guomingdang in the Chinese Civil War?

37. Why did World War II cause so many casualties? • Find examples to support your answer.

38. How did WWII affect civilian populations?