Origins of American Government

1. Origins of American Government Chapters 1 & 2

2. Bell Ringer • List things the gov’t does for us. 2. Who makes the rules at your house and list a few that you don’t like. Why do you have to have rules?

3. Learning Target -Define &describe government and its basic powers -Explain 4 characteristics of the state -Describe the purpose of gov’t in the USA & other countries.

4. GOVERNMENT • Oldest of all human inventions. • 1st appeared – when humans realized that they could not survive without some way to regulate both their own & their neighbors behavior. • Govt - Institution through which society makes & enforces its public policies

5. GOVERNMENT 4. Public Policies - things a gov’t decides to do (taxation, defense, education, etc…) 5. Types of Govt power: - Legislative (lawmaking power) - Executive (enforce & execution power) - Judicial (power to interpret laws)

6. State • State - nation or country • Body of people living in a defined territory, (example) • Organized politically with the pwr to make & enforce law without the consent of any higher authority. 4. 190 states in the world today

7. State 5. 4 Main characteristics: Population Territory (land with boundaries) Sovereignty (supreme power over itself) Government

8. 4 characteristics of a state • Population: people…(homogenous)(top 3) • Territory: land with recognized boundaries. (world’s largest state/land) • Sovereign: has supreme/absolute power within it’s territory. Can decide its own policies. Not subordinate to any other authority • Government: institution by which society makes & enforces its policies.

9. Origins of the State Many theories have been developed to explain the origins of the state. These include the force theory, the evolutionary theory, the divine right theory, and the social contract theory.

10. The Force Theory • The force theory holds that an individual or group claims control over a territory and forces the population to submit. • The state then becomes sovereign and those in control form a government.

11. The evolutionary theory says that a population formed out of primitive families. The heads of these families became the government. When these families settled in one territory and claimed it as their own, they became a sovereign state. Evolutionary Theory

12. The divine right theory holds that God created the state, making it sovereign. The government is made up of those chosen by God to rule a certain territory. The population must obey their ruler. Divine Right Theory

13. Checkpoint: What is the Social Contract Theory? The social contract theory was developed by philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau and has had the greatest influence on United States government. This theory holds that the people chose to give the state enough power to promote the well-being of everyone and that all political power comes from the will of the people. Social Contract Theory

14. Social Contract Theory, cont. • Social contract theory holds that the people can withhold power from an unjust government. • In the political cartoon, what types of government might restrict people from “having it as good as this”?

15. Purpose of Gov’t • To form a more perfect union. • To establish justice • To insure domestic tranquility • To provide for the common defense

16. Purpose of Gov’t 5. To promote the general welfare 6. To secure the blessings of liberty (rights and patriotism) In 1781, the US adopted the Articles of Confederation which created a firm league of friendship among the 13 states. This did not work, why? The actual constitution was written and adopted in 1787.

17. Chapter 1 sec 2

18. Forms of Government • Democracy - political authority is the people - Direct democracy (pure democracy) voting is done directly by the people in mass meetings (sm communities). - In direct democracy (national level) Also called representative democracy because the people vote in-directly

19. Forms of Government 2. Dictatorship - those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people (they do their own thing) - dictatorships are authoritarian, totalitarian, militaristic. (examples) - Autocracy Gov’t in which a single person holds unlimited political power.

20. Forms of Government 2. Recent Dictatorships: Fascist Italy (1922-1943) Nazi Germany (1933-1945) Soviet Union (1917-late 80’s)

21. Forms of Government 3. Unitary Gov’t (centralized govt) - power held by the gov’t belong to a single, central agency (Britain’s Parliament)

22. Forms of Government • Federal Gov’t - the powers of govt are divided between a central gov’t & several local gov’ts. Federal Gov’ts have a division of power. - national, state, & local govt act directly on the people thru their own sets of laws, officials, and agencies.

23. Forms of Government • Confederate Gov’t - alliance of independent states. - powers of confederate gov’ts limited to the fields of defense and trade. - - EX – European Union (EU)

24. Forms of Government • Presidential Gov’t - the executive & legislative branches of gov’t are separate & independent of one another & coequal (Separation of Powers)

25. Forms of Government • Parliamentary Gov’t - Prime Minister or premier - the executive - Cabinet & PM are members of Parliament - The PM is the leader of the majority party. - PM selects members of the cabinet from the members of Parliament. - The executive is chosen by the legislature & is subject to its direct control

27. Assignment 1 Define these terms • Democracy • Constitution • dictators • Politics • divine right

28. Assignment 2 6. Which of these terms describes a part of our American Govt? direct democracy, indirect democracy, dictatorship, unitary government, federal government, confederation, presidential government, parliamentary government

29. Assignment 3 7. List 3 concerns you have about: government rules laws policies. 8. What do you want the government to do about your concerns?

30. Assignment 4 1. Students will create one Venn diagram showing the differences &commonalities between direct and indirect democracies. 2. Students will create 1 Venn diagram to illustrate the similarities & differences in an autocracy and an oligarchy.

31. Video Rise of Hitler 1 (45 min) http://youtu.be/3hEG-5_9nK4 Rise of Hitler 2 (45 min) http://youtu.be/cqPc93Pvs0U Rise of the Nazi (4 min) http://youtu.be/a2YEUhHFMHY

33. End of Day 1 !!

34. Learning Target Students will learn the types of American colonies & the causes of the Am Rev.

35. Basics of Democracy 1. A recognition of the fundamental worth & dignity of every person. 2. A respect for the equality of all persons (equality of opportunity & before the law). 3. A faith in majority rule and an insistence upon minority rights. 4. An acceptance of the necessity of compromise. 5. An insistence upon the widest possible degree of individual freedom.

36. Democracy & Free Enterprise System • Democracy & Individual Freedom create FES. • The Laws of Supply and Demand guide the Free Enterprise System. • Mixed economy (US) - private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of gov’t regulation.

37. Citizenship Overview

38. America’s Political Beginnings Chapter 2

39. Basic Concepts of Gov’t • Created ordered govt with offices • Limited gov’t • Representative gov’t - gov’t for the people

40. Landmark English Documents • The Magna Carta- - protected the people from the unlawful acts of a monarch - due process of law. 2. The Petition of Right - king could not unlawfully punish any person - martial law cannot be imposed during peacetime

41. The Magna Carta • Signed by King John in 1215 • Created by English barons to put limits on the once absolute power of the King. • Guaranteed certain fundamental rights for the privileged, such as trial by jury and due process of law. Over time, these rights were extended to all English people.

42. The Petition of Right • The Petition of Right was signed by King Charles I in 1628. • Banned the king from imprisoning or punishing people without first following the laws of the land. • Kept the king from declaring military rule in times of peace or making people house soldiers. • Required the consent of Parliament for taxation.

43. Landmark English Documents 3. The English Bill of Rights - standing army in peacetime - right of a fair trial - freedom from excessive bail.

44. The English Bill of Rights • Checkpoint: What were the limitations set by the English Bill of Rights? • The English Bill of Rights was drawn up by Parliament in 1689 to prevent the abuse of power by all future monarchs. • Required the consent of Parliament for taxation and suspension of laws. • Promised the right to a fair trial, and to petition the monarchy to correct injustices.

45. American Rights • This chart compares the rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights with the freedoms listed in the Virginia Bill of Rights and the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution.

46. The English Colonies • Charter - written grant of authority from the king. • Royal Colonies - subject to the direct control of the King who named a governor to serve

47. The English Colonies • Proprietary Colonies - colonies that were organized by a proprietor who appointed a gov • Charter Colonies - colonies that were based on charters granted by the King

48. Three Types of Colonies • Royal colonies were directly controlled by the king. • Proprietary colonies were run by a proprietor chosen by the king. • Charter colonies were run mainly by elected legislatures and were the most independent. • How many royal colonies were left at this time? How were royal colonies and charter colonies different?

49. The English Colonies 5. 1st permanent colony - Jamestown, VA (1607) (What was 1st colony) 6. Last colony - Savannah, GA (1733)

50. Causes of the Am Rev 1. Taxation without Representation The Stamp Act of 1765 tax on all legal documents, business agreements, newspapers * King George III came to power and imposed new taxes