BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

1. consumers animals eaten die die producers green algae decomposers bacteria and fungi decay water and salts soil minerals and humus BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Matter within ecosystems is recycled.

2. SO2, NO2 CO2 H2O Respiration Decomposition Transpiration Fossil Fuel Combustion Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms N2 H2O Phyto- plankton Zoo- plankton Runoff Urea Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer & Decomposers Nitrates, Sulfates, Phosphates Nutrient Recycling Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Ocean Sediments Phosphate All Cycles Are Related

3. biotic abiotic BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogenare some of the elements that cycle between the abiotic(nonliving) and biotic (living) parts of the environment.

4. H2O C O N BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen move through a regularly repeated sequence of events. • Define a cycle.

5. atmosphere “bank” BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Most element cycles have an atmospheric “bank” where the element is found in large amounts.

6. atmosphere “bank” BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Elements move from the “bank” into organisms.

7. atmosphere “bank” RIP BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Organisms release elements in daily activities or after death. • Give an example of an activity that releases elements.

8. H2O C O N BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES • Three example of cycles: • Water • Carbon (carbon-oxygen) • Nitrogen

9. WATER CYCLE • Use the next diagram to help you define the following: • evaporation • condensation • precipitation • transpiration • runoff • accumulation

10. water cycle diagram Condensation Precipitation Condendation (clouds form) Transpiration Run-off Evaporation Accumulation PRECIPITATION - water vapor (gas) changing into a liquid or solid such as rain, hail, sleet or snow CONDENSATION - water vapor (gas) changing to a tiny drops of water (liquid) that form clouds or rain RUN-OFF - water moving across the Earth’s surface (stream, river, gully) TRANSPIRATION - water loss from plants when water vapor goes out through stomates (little openings) in leaves ACCUMULATION - water gathering into an area (pond, lake, stream or ocean) EVAPORATION - water changing from a liquid into a gas (water vapor)

11. WATER CYCLE • Label your diagram of the water cycle.

12. biotic abiotic WATER CYCLE • Abiotic parts of the water cycle include condensation, evaporation & precipitation.

13. biotic abiotic WATER CYCLE • Living portions of the water cycle include plants performing transpiration and water intake by all organisms.

14. WATER CYCLE • Water vapor exits plant leaves during transpiration through tiny openings called stomata.

15. water cycle diagram animated

16. Why is the Carbon Cycle often called the Carbon-Oxygen Cycle? CO2 respiration photosynthesis O2 CARBON CYCLE

17. Like other element cycles, the carbon cycle links abiotic& bioticparts of the environment. biotic abiotic CARBON CYCLE

18. CO2 respiration photosynthesis O2 CARBON CYCLE • The exchange of gases during photosynthesis and respiration is a major example of the biotic (organisms) and abiotic (atmosphere) cycle of carbon-oxygen.

19. How does carbon enter the living part of the cycle? 6CO2+ 6H2O + Energy ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2 CARBON CYCLE Using the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS, plants use CO2 to make food CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

20. CARBON CYCLE • Carbon is returned to the atmosphere • cellular respiration • erosion • combustion • decomposition

21. CARBON CYCLE • Use the next diagram to help you define the relationship of the following terms to the carbon cycle. • respiration • photosynthesis • decomposition • combustion • erosion

22. CARBON CYCLE CO2 in Atmosphere assimilation by plants combustion “BANKS” – CO2 in atmosphere and trapped underground in fossil fuels animal respiration decomposition photosynthesis by algae plant respiration soil erosion RESPIRATION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when food (glucose) is broken down during respiration respiration by algae and aquatic animals PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Plants use carbon dioxide to make food litter EROSION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when erosion breaks down certain rock COMBUSTION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when organic material is burned fossil fuels coal, gas, petroleum oceans, lakes limestone decomposition DECOMPOSITION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere as organic matter is broken down

23. N2 free nitrogen NITROGEN CYCLE • 79% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas but it is in a form most living things cannot use.

24. If we can’t take in free nitrogen, how do organisms acquire it so it can be used? Why do living things need nitrogen? NITROGEN CYCLE

25. How does Nitrogen move from the abiotic part (atmosphere) into the biotic part (organisms) of the environment? Step #1-Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen into nitrates. Step #2-Plants absorb nitrates. Step #3-Animals eat plants. N2 in air NITRATES nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITROGEN CYCLE Step #1Step # 2Step #3

26. How does the nitrogen return to the abiotic(atmosphere) part of the environment? Step #4-Denitrifying bacteria convert the nitrates back into nitrogen. denitrifying bacteria N2 in air NITRATES nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITROGEN CYCLE Step #4

27. protein Nitrogen NITROGEN CYCLE • Why do we need nitrogen? DNA ?

28. N2 free nitrogen nitrates nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITROGEN CYCLE • Can plants & animals use free nitrogen (N2)? • In what form must N2 be to be used by plants? • What organisms can turn the N2 into a usable form?

29. NITROGEN CYCLESimplified • Use the next diagram to help you define the relationship of the following terms to the nitrogen cycle. • free N2 bank • nitrogen fixation • nitrates • organisms • organic material • denitrification

30. nitrogen-fixing bacteria RIP denitrifying bacteria Organic material NITROGEN CYCLESimplified Free N2 in Atmosphere DENITRIFICATION - Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates from decomposition back into free nitrogen. FREE N2 “BANK” - Pure nitrogen “banked” in the atmosphere which is made up of 79% nitrogen. ORGANIC MATERIAL - Dead organisms, animal waste and organic litter are decomposed by bacteria and other decomposers NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA - nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrate compounds ORGANISMS - Plants take in nitrates and use them in their tissues; animals eat the plants and get the nitrates from plant tissues organisms NITRATES NITRATES - the form of nitrogen that can be used by organisms

31. gaseous losses (N2, NOx) lightning fixes N2 into nitrates nitrates denitrifying bacteria organic matter nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITROGEN CYCLE

32. Reviewing the Cycles • WATER CYCLE • evaporation • condensation • precipitation • transpiration

33. atmosphere “bank” RIP Reviewing the Cycles • CARBON CYCLE • photosynthesis-respiration • combustion • erosion • decomposition

34. NITROGEN CYCLE nitrogen-fixing bacteria nitrates decomposition denitrification nitrogen-fixing bacteria Free N2 in Atmosphere RIP denitrifying bacteria Organic material NITRATES Reviewing the Cycles

35. SO2, NO2 CO2 H2O Respiration Decomposition Transpiration Fossil Fuel Combustion Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms N2 H2O Phyto- plankton Zoo- plankton Runoff Urea Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer & Decomposers Nitrates, Sulfates, Phosphates Nutrient Recycling Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Ocean Sediments Phosphate Cycle Interrelationships