Helping strategies for adults If you are not confused by the situation , you don’t understand it (Zen and the art of Mo

1. Helping strategies for adultsIf you are not confused by the situation , you don’t understand it(Zen and the art of Motorcycle Maintenance)

2. BehaviourChange as a process • We want the change (we value it) • Believe we can change - self efficacy • (a sort of logic model - if I/we/they do this • then I will get the effects I want/value) • 3. Believe our efforts will have desired effects • (locus of control) • 4. Know how to change

3. Locus of control (LOC) High low Internal locus of control High low Chance locus of control High low Powerful others of control Social Learning Theory Rotter 1954

4. Our locus of control beliefs are always context specific . What we believe is possible in any context is linked to history but not unchanging. We have beliefs on all three dimensions for any behaviour and its probable outcome. These may be in tension ( e.g. all three could be high) and interact. Behaviour change methods are designed to intervene in these dynamics.

5. e.g. person 1 Locus of control (LOC) beliefs about passing exams High low Internal locus of control If I go to class and revise I can make a difference to my results High low Chance locus of control It depends on teachers Teaching me the right stuff High low Powerful others of control It a bit random whether I get the questions I can answer in the exam Social Learning Theory Rotter 1954

6. e.g. person 2 Locus of control (LOC) beliefs about passing exams High low Internal locus of control If I revised it might make a difference to my results High low Chance locus of control My teachers ignore me/don’t teach the things I need to pass High low Powerful others of control You can’t know what Questions will turn up in exams Social Learning Theory Rotter 1954

7. e.g. person 2 Avoiding getting cancer Locus of control (LOC) High low Internal locus of control I think I eat OK but I don’t have to will power to give up smoking smoke High low Chance locus of control There are lots of interfering people giving advice but they can’t make a difference High low Powerful others of control What will be will be. You have to die of something Social Learning Theory Rotter 1954

8. Stages of Behaviour change • Pre-contemplation • Contemplation • Action • Maintenance • Relapse • A transtheoretical model of change • Prochaska and Di Celemente 1986 See other attachment for full description

9. What maintains habits/habitual behaviours? Antecedents Consequences Behaviour E.g. The phone rings, even if you are in the bath, it triggers you jump out because it is likely to be a conversation you want to have You can change the antecedents – take the phone into the bathroom with you. You get a letter telling you about screening. You don’t believe that responding to this will trigger something you value do you don’t react. You see something you like to eat in the fridge, if you eat it you will get immediate pleasure , and anyway ‘I have big bones’ and who wants to be thin!