1 / 24

The Marine Biome

The Marine Biome. by ryan. Location. Cover ¾ of Earth’s surface Includes oceans & coral reefs (an estuaries) Algae supplies world’s O and takes in CO 2 Evaporation of sea provides precipitation . Oceans. Largest of all ecosystems Separated into zones Intertidal Pelagic Abyssal

zyta
Télécharger la présentation

The Marine Biome

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Marine Biome by ryan.

  2. Location • Cover ¾ of Earth’s surface • Includes oceans & coral reefs (an estuaries) • Algae supplies world’s O and takes in CO2 • Evaporation of sea provides precipitation

  3. Oceans • Largest of all ecosystems • Separated into zones • Intertidal • Pelagic • Abyssal • Benthic Image from http://www.tidalzone.org/images/zones.jpg

  4. Intertidal Zone • Where oceans meets land • Submerged or exposed based on tides • Communities are constantly changing • Fauna includes worms, clams, crabs, and shorebirds Image from http://ehapc.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/ocean-water.jpg

  5. Intertidal Zone • Rocky coast • Layered out along cliffs • Higher areas have less diversity • Submerged areas have more species • Tidal Pools- warmed by sun • Sandy coast • Less stratified • Mud & sand prevent algae & plants • Muddy coast Image from http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/Photos/IntertidalZone.jpeg

  6. Adaptions • Intertidal zones • Avoid being swept away or crushed • In & out of water • Changes levels of salinity • Rocky • Pounded by waves • Niches in pools respond to changing factors • Sandy • Hold onto something, dig, or shells

  7. Wetlands • Intertidal zones • Water meets land • Salt marshes and mangrove swamps • Salt marshes • Muddy • Surrounded by estuaries, bays, or lagoons • Migratory birds • Food & rest Image fromhttp://www.capecodphotoalbum.com/SandMarsh.jpg

  8. Pelagic Zone • Open ocean • Generally cold, but hard to tell due to thermal stratification • Flora includes surface seaweed • Fauna includes many fish & some mammals • Whales & dolphins

  9. Pelagic Organisms • Often migratory forage fish • Feed on plankton • Herring, anchovies, capelin, menhaden • Larger fish feed on forage fish • Billfish, tuna, oceanic sharks Image from http://www.foodliabilitylaw.com/uploads/image/Tuna%20Picture(1).jpg and http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sci/herring/hertags/images/herring_venus.jpg

  10. Benthic Zone • Below pelagic, but not the deep ocean • Bottom is covered in sand, silt and/or dead organisms • Temp. decreases with depth Image from http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/photos/samoa.jpg

  11. Benthic Zone • Flora is primarily seaweed • Fauna includes bacteria, fungi, sponges, sea anemones, worms, sea stars, fish • Nutrient richness supports life Image from http://www.richard-seaman.com/Underwater/Belize/StillLifes/TubeSpongesSpikyPuce.jpg

  12. Benthos • Organisms that live in the benthic zone • Many are adapted to live in substrate • Live in deep water pressure, can’t survive in upper parts • Little light penetration • Scavengers and detritivores

  13. Abyssal Zone • Very cold (3°C), high pressure, high O, low nutrients • Supports many inverts & fish • Mid ocean ridges (b/w plates) • Hydrothermal vents → chemosynthetic bacteria Image from http://www.iantd.com/rebreather/abyss.jpg

  14. Abyssal Organisms • Need to withstand immense pressure • 11,000 psi • Underslung jaws • Sift through sand • Includes black swallower, tripod fish, and giant squid Image from http://www.spacesciencegroup.org/sootw/graphics/oceanlifezones3.jpg

  15. Coral Reefs • Distributed in warm, shallow water • Continental barriers, fringing island, or atolls Image from http://notexactlyrocketscience.files.wordpress.com/2006/10/nwhi_-_french_frigate_shoals_reef_-_many_fish.jpg

  16. Coral Reefs • Dominant organism is coral • Consists of algae and polyp tissue • Water is nutrient poor • Coral gets nutrients from algae or plankton • Other fauna is microorganisms, invertebrates, fish, urchins, octopi, sea stars

  17. Factors • At all latitudes • No elevation changes (ocean level, duh) • Air currents affect ocean currents • Changes the direction of currents • Many different kinds of ocean currents Image from http://www.lisisoft.com/imglisi/5/Themes/150980sun-over-the-ocean.jpg

  18. Currents • Upwelling • Brings cold, nutrient rich water up from depths • Deep water currents • Sea water cools, becomes saltier and denser and sinks • Warm surface currents • Driven by winds & rotation • Cold surface currents • Flow towards equator, driven by atmosphere

  19. Currents • Global conveyor belt • Deep water sinks, then moves south around Antarctica and north to Indian, Pacific and Atlantic • Takes a thousand years for water to travel from North Atlantic into the North Pacific Image from http://www.crd.bc.ca/watersheds/protection/geology-processes/images/clip_image002_000.jpg

  20. Human Problems • Pollution • 2/3 of major cities are on coasts • Kills marine life, threatens human health, algae blooms, beach closures, coral reefs • Oceans carry pollution away from entry point Image from http://www.dailystoke.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/ocean-pollution.jpg

  21. Human Problems • Carbon Emissions • Raises acidity of the oceans • “Level that is irreversible in our life times” • Affects oceans ability to absorb greenhouse gases • More ultraviolet rays • Less plankton • Goes down through food chain

  22. Human Problems • Plastic Debris • Litter kills off wildlife • Cut up can holders • Animals mistake for food & ingest • 7 billions tons of litter • 60% is plastic • Last for 10- 20 years Image from http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_08_img0463.jpg

  23. Human Problems • Oil spills • Washes over surface & destroys habitats • Recovery takes years • Clean up costs millions • Overfishing • Kills off species Image from http://saferenvironment.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/oil_spill.jpg

  24. Bibliography • "Biomes." Animals of the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. <http://www.animalsoftheworld.ecsd.net/biomes.htm>. • "ECO-PROS Human Impact on Oceans." ECO-PROS - Ecology Protectors Society. N.p., 10 May 2006. Web. 29 Nov. 2009. <http://www.eco-pros.com/humanimpact.htm>. • "Ocean Planet:Ocean Currents." OceanColor Web - SeaWiFS - JASON - Ocean Planet - In Search of Giant Squid. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. <http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/oceanography_currents_1.html>. • Oilvia. "The Marine Biome." Author Stream. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2009. <Olivia-36793-Marine-Biome-wOrLd-OcEaN-Oceanic-Zone-Coral-Reef-Estuaries-Intertidal-Zones-WetlandsSince-the-as-Entertainment-ppt-powerpoint>. • "Marine 3." Thurston High School Springfield Oregon. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. <http://ths.sps.lane.edu/biomes/marine3/marine3.html>. • "The Marine Biome." University of California Museum of Paleontology. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2009. <www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/marine.php>.

More Related