UPR-R (river ) P (rock )

1. UPR-R(river) P(rock) University of Puerto Rico Río PiedrasCampus November 4, 2011 PDR

2. Team Members cont. Faculty Support: • Student Management: • Management • Management • Management • Management • Team Leader: Desiree Rodriguez • Secretary : Ivan Rivera & Jose Castrillo • Schedule Manager: Pedro Barea • Technical Support: Orlando X. Nieves • Vladimir Makarov • Geraldo Morell • Gladys Muñoz • Benjamin Bolaño • Oscar Resto

3. OrganizationalChart Rocksat C 2012 Team Organization Gladys Muñoz (Faculty Support) Oscar Resto (Mentor/PI) DesireeRodriguez(Team leader) JoseCastrillo & Ivan Rivera (Secretary) Pedro Barea(Timekeeper) Pedro Meléndez Software Technical Leader SamalisSantini Team Member Nicolle Medina (Team Member) Elmo Rodriguez (Team Member) Oscar A. Resto (Team Member) Nicolle Canales (Team Member) Henry Nieves (Team Member) Stefany Monroy (Team Member) Andrea Lopez-Torres (Team Member) Beatriz Peraza (Team Member) Gabriel Vazquez (Team Member) Luis Rosario (Team Member) Liza Chan (Team Member) Janet Chan (Team Member) Henry Laracuente (Team Member) Manuel Santos (Team Member) Marianne Marin (Team Member)) Natalia Marin (Team Member)) Roberto Lorenzi (Team Member)) Sira Segarra (Team Member)

4. Payload Assessment

5. Mission Objectives • Compare our results with RiverRock 2009 and 2010 findings. • Measure selected gases in near-space conditions. • Survey inorganic and organic aerosols in near-space conditions.

6. Aerosols’ Survey • We intend to collect samples of particulate matter, with both organic and inorganic composition. • In the organic fraction of the collected aerosols, we expect to find evidence that sustains the presence of amino acids and microorganisms in the atmosphere. • The collection of samples will be assessed at different altitudes of the atmosphere.

7. Greenhouse Gases • CO2 is the fifth most abundant gas in the atmosphere, it has increased 35% in the last 300 years.Humans are responsibleforitshighincrease in theatmosphere. • Methane is a very strong greenhouse gas and its concentration has increased more than a 150%. It is released from landfills, gas, oil drillings and coal mines. • Nitrous Oxide has increased at a rate of 0.2 to 0.3% per year.

9. Greenhouse Gases

10. Expected Gases found in the atmosphere

11. Measurement of gases • We expect to measure several greenhouse gases that contribute to the global warming. • As shown in the Miller/Urey experiment some of these gases may also be the building blocks of polypeptides.

12. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey Experiment • This experiment simulated the conditions present during the Earth’s formation.

13. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey Experiment • The experiment showed that conditions on the primitive atmosphere favored chemical reactions that synthesized organic compounds from inorganic precursors. • In 2008, a revision of the Miller/Urey experiment showed that 22 different amino acids were synthesized instead of the 5 that were originally published.

14. Experimental Overview • In Flight • Measurements NOx, NO2, H2S, NH3, and H2 Gases • Semiconductor gas sensor • Collection of aerosols • Polymer nano-scale filter (100 to 1000 nm), TEM Ultra Thin Holey Carbon Grids Betweens Filters and Adhesive Collector

15. Expected Results • According to the findings of RiverRock 2009, we expect to measure the following gases: NO2, NOx, NH3, H2S, and H2. RiverRock 2010 findings are still in process. • We also expect to find both organic and inorganic aerosols. • Microorganisms may also be found as a part of the organic fraction of the collected aerosols. • Polypeptides or amino acids could also be obtained as shown by the Miller/Urey experiment.

16. Collection and Detection Diagram Ram Air Atmospheric Sampling Intake Computer Controlled Flow Valves Full Flow Diaphragm Pressure Regulator AVR Controller and Data Storage Multiple Semiconductor Gas Sensors Microorganism and Aerosol Battery Filters 1000 nm 1000 nm 1000 nm 450 nm 450 nm 450 nm 200 nm 200 nm 200 nm Bleeder Computer Controlled Flow Line Gas Canister Sampler 100 nm 100 nm 100 nm Bernoulli Gases Exhaust Port

17. Gas Sensors • Synkera Technologies Inc.

18. Battery Filters

19. Inside View of Battery Filter Used for Atmospheric Sampling

20. Air Intake and Bernoulli Exhaust Ram Air Intake Bernoulli Exhaust

21. Functional Payload

22. Structure

23. Structural Drawing

24. Structural Drawing

25. Power/Batteries

26. AVR Flight computer and data storage

27. Pressure Regulator

28. Selonoid Valve

29. Tubing

30. RAM Air Intake from Outside of the Rocket Functional Block Diagram Power 2x9V Supply Batteries Gas Semiconductor Sensor 6 Exhaust Solenoid Valve RBF (Wallops) AVR Board Gas Semiconductor Sensor 5 G-Switch Flash Memory 5V Regulator Gas Semiconductor Sensor 4 Nano-Filters Sequential Controlled Valves Z Accelerometer Gas Semiconductor Sensor 3 AVR Microcontroller X / Y Accelerometer ADC Gas Semiconductor Sensor 2 Intake Solenoid Valve Gas Semiconductor Sensor 1 Temperature Sensor 2x9 V Supply Bernoulli Exhaust At the rocket 6 channel ADC Control Circuit (MOSFETS) Intake Solenoid Valves Data Airflow Power Interface AirCore Board

31. System Schematic

32. System Interface Control Board Schematic

33. Mission Time Line Overview Table Mission Time Line Overview Table

34. Mission Time Line Overview Graph Battery 2 Filter Valves close Bleeder Valve Open for 2 sec. Battery 3 Filter Valves Open Battery 3 Filter Valves close Bleeder Valve Open Battery 1 Filter Valves close Bleeder Valve Open for 2 sec. Battery 2 Filter Valves Open Bleeder Valve Close and Battery 1 Filter Valves Open Bleeder Valve Close and Semiconductor Sensor Stop Analyzing • Rocket Lunch G-Switch Activated • Open Bleeder Valve • Semiconductor Sensor Start Analyzing

35. Risk Matrix Risk 1 – Computer system crash during flight and data could not be collected mission objectives could not be completed. Risk 2 – Dynamic port failure at the rocket vehicle valves. Risk 3 – Sampling gas tubing (PFA). Risk 4 – Power failure on some of the component making function ability limited.

36. Critical Interfaces

37. Requirement Verification

38. RequiermentsVerification

39. Schedule • 7/26/2011 RockSat Payload User’s Guide Released • 9/9/2011 Deadline to submit Intent to Fly Form • 9/14/2011 Initial Down Selections Made • 10/3/2011 Conceptual Design Review (CoDR) Due • 10/4/2011 Conceptual Design Review (CoDR) Teleconference • 10/7/2011 Teleconference • 10/17/2011 Earnest Payment of $1,000 Due • 10/17/2011 Online Progress Report 1 Due • 10/18/2011 Progress report and study Payload • 10/26/2011 Preliminary Design Review (PDR) Due • 10/27/2011 Preliminary Design Review (PDR) Teleconference • 11/1/2011 Open Payload and collect samples from RockSat-C 2010 • 11/8/2011 Study and analyze results • 11/14/2011 Online Progress Report 2 Due • 11/22/2011 Start reconstruction of Payload • 11/29/2011 Finish Critical Design Review (CDR) • 11/30/2011 Critical Design Review (CDR) Due

40. Schedule • 12/1/2011 Critical Design Review (CDR) Teleconference • 12/12-19/2011 University of Puerto Rico (UPR) final exams • 12/20/2011 – 1/23/2012 Academic Recess • 1/9/2012 Final Down Select—Flights Awarded • 1/24/2012 Work on progress report • 1/30/2012 Online Progress Report 1 Due • 2/3/2012 First payment due • 2/13/2012 Individual Subsystem Testing Reports Due • 2/14/2012 Individual Subsystem Testing Reports Teleconference • 3/12/2012 Online Progress Report 2 Due • 4/2/2012 Payload Subsystem Integration and Testing Report Due • 4/2/2012 Payload Subsystem Integration and Testing Report Teleconference • 4/6/2012 Final payment due • 4/15/2012 RockSat Payload Canisters Sent to Customers

41. Schedule • 4/23/2012 First Full Mission Simulation Test Report Presentation Due • 4/24/2012 First Full Mission Simulation Test Report Presentation Telecon • 5/7/2012 Weekly Teleconference 4 • 5/14/2012 Weekly Teleconference 5 • 5/21/2012 Weekly Teleconference 6 • 5/28/2012 Launch Readiness Review Presentations • 5/29/2012 Launch Readiness Review (LRR) Teleconference • 6/4/2012 Weekly Teleconference 7 (FMSTR 2) • 6/11/2012 Weekly Teleconference 7 • 6/6/2012 Weekly Teleconference 8 (LRR) • 6/10/2012 Weekly Teleconference 9 • 6/142012 Visual Inspections at Refuge Inn • 06-(15-18)- • 2012 Integration/Vibration at Wallops • 6/20/2012 Presentations to next year’s RockSat • 6/21/2012 Launch Day

42. Budget

43. References • Miller, Stanley L. (May 1953). "Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions". Science 117: 528. • Thomas, Gary E. (1987) “Trace Constituents in the Mesosphere” PhysicaScrypta T18: 281-288 • Philbrick,Charles R. ; Faucher,Gerard A. ; Wlodyka,Raymond A. (December 1971). “Neutral Composition Measurements of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere” National Technical Information Service • Nicholson, W, Munakata, N, Horneck, G, Melosh,H, and Setlow, P, (2000). “Resistance of BacillusEndospores to Extreme Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments” Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, p. 548-572. • Satyanarayana, T.; Raghukumar, C.; Shivaji, S. (July 2005). "Extremophilic microbes: Diversity and perspectives". Current Science89 (1): 78–90. • MacDonald, Alexander and et al. (Fall 2009). “N2O: Not One of the Usual Suspects”. Earth System Research Laboratory Quarterly Journal. 1:12 • Ravishankara, A R, Daniel J, Portmann R. W. (October2, 2009). “Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century”. Science Magazine, Vol. 326. no. 5949, pp. 123 - 125