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Controlling Air Pollution

Controlling Air Pollution. Lecture 10.3 Chapter 15. Lets Avoid Making Air Pollutants in the First Place!. Less impurities in fuels Better grades of coal (low S coal) Refine out the sulfur Increased efficiency and conservation *Combustion of any fuel releases air pollutants.

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Controlling Air Pollution

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  1. Controlling Air Pollution Lecture 10.3 Chapter 15

  2. Lets Avoid Making Air Pollutants in the First Place! • Less impurities in fuels • Better grades of coal (low S coal) • Refine out the sulfur • Increased efficiency and conservation • *Combustion of any fuel releases air pollutants

  3. Choose the Right Form of Coal

  4. Removing Sulfur from Coal • Fluidized Bed Combustion

  5. Removing Sulfur from Coal Coal Gasification

  6. Temperature and NOx Emissions • Reduce the temperature of the combustion process incomplete combustion reduces efficiency  increased PM & CO • What is the right blend of air, fuel, temperature and fuel?

  7. CARS-non-point source NOx

  8. Controlling PM

  9. Controlling Particulate Matter Without Electrostatic precipitator

  10. ControllingPM With Electrostatic precipitator

  11. Scrubbers • Scrubbers (capture after burning)

  12. Benefit: Can remove SO2 • SOx + Ca(OH)2 -->CaSO4

  13. Negatives of PM Control • Requireadditional energy to run • Increase resistance to airflow • Require more fossil fuels to run, therefore more CO2 released overall

  14. Smog Reduction-Control VOC’s • Phase I Vapor Recovery System for gasoline

  15. Innovative Pollution Control • Gasoline vapors (VOC’s) • Dry cleaning fluids (VOC’s) • Ban lighter fluid for starting barbeques (VOC’s) • Ban wood burning stoves (PM, CO, NOx) • Bakeries (bread) (VOC’s) • Restricting automobile use (odd/even days) (COx, NOx, HC) • Carpool lanes • Improve the quality and accessibility of public transportation • Specific toll times/areas

  16. Innovative Pollution Control • Let’s turn the right to pollute into a commodity • Set a number of allowances and buy and sell them in a free-market system • SO2 trading • 23.5 million tonnes 10.3 million tonnes from 1982 to 2008

  17. Other Ways to Improve Air Quality • Reduce sulfur content in gasoline from its current average of 330 ppm to 30 ppm • Sulfur clogs catalytic converters • Require federal emission standards for all passenger vehicles • Including SUVs, trucks and minivans • Require emission testing for all vehicles • Including diesel

  18. The Clean Air Act Works

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