Harlem Renaissance Project – 1 st part due (LAST QUIZ GRADE OF QUARTER TWO)

1. Harlem Renaissance Project – 1st part due (LAST QUIZ GRADE OF QUARTER TWO) • What’s due?: • Name of artist you are researching (must be from the list on the project sheet) • THREE RESOURCES you have found to use for your project (books, websites, etc.) • NOT ACCEPTABLE: • Google.com  Why??? It’s a search engine, not a website w/ info • Ask.com, Wikipedia.com, Answers.com  WHY?? These sites are not reliable sources of information – use PUBLISHED websites, and websites that are sponsored by university, Institute, government, etc • NEED HELP finding websites: Go to the “Harlem Renaissance” page on course website: http://mspowerushistory.yolasite.com

2. The Armistice = Peace w/out Victory America was the MUCH NEEDED RELEIF for the British/French side (fought 1917 -1918) By late 1918 the war was crippling the German economy (people were starving, food riots, strikes) Revolution across Austria Hungry They didn’t want to fight anymore!! Central Powers began to surrender November 11th, 1918 – Armistice went into effect 8.5 million people dead “Peace without Victory” because no real ‘winner’  everyone lost so much land/money/men 

3. 14 Points – Woodrow Wilson America acted as the father/leader in the peace proceedings  They felt that they “won the war” for everyone else “14 Points” – Wilson’s outline for a world peace made in a speech at end of War Open diplomacy, freedom of the seas Self-determination (right of people to decide what is best for their country) 14th Point: League of Nations

4. Paris Peace Conference Leaders met to negotiate after the War Treaty of Versailles Reparations (payments made for damages) by the Germans and Austrians to Allies U.S. gave up a lot of ideals (from 14 Points) for the 14th Point (League of Nations) BUT Wilson could not convince his own country about the League (people didn’t want to be ruled by Europe Wilson died trying to campaign to pass the League

5. Impact of War Political Impact – Many new nations made out of the big empires Look at maps on page 610 Where are the differences on the map? Economic impact – countries devastated Germany had to pay back money they didn’t have – which threw their country into a WORSENED condition League of Nations – Governing body of the world - Existed for many years w/ many countries a part  Except for United States (so it wasn’t that affective)

6. Return to NormalcyAlthough the end of the War brought peace, it did not ease the minds of many Americans, who found much to fear in the post-war years (unemployment, communism, anarchy) Ms. Power US HISTORY II

7. POST WAR HAVOC • Objective: Students will investigate the changing economic and social conditions in the United States after World War One in order to explain the effects of the “Red Scare.” • Warm UP/HW Completion time: (end 12:45) • Workbook – Pg 162 – 167 2. Finish homework  Ch 19.2 (due today) and CH 19/20 Vocabulary (define/significance) (due next Wed) - Bolshevik -Communism -Red Scare -Suburb -Installment Buying -Palmer Raid -Alien -Deportation -Credit -Kellog-Briand Pact -Anarchist -Assembly Line -Flapper -Fundamentalism -Evolution -Bootleggers -Speakeasies -Zora Neal Hurston -Great Migration -Harlem Renaissance -Marcus Garvey -Langston Hughes - Jazz -Louis Armstrong * CLASSWORK @10:45  Ch 19 Notes/worksheet

8. POST WAR HAVOC • Objective: Students will investigate the changing economic and social conditions in the United States after World War One in order to explain the effects of the “Red Scare.” • Warm UP/HW Completion time: (end 8:50) • I AM Poem  Write an “I AM” poem about yourself as a student. Your first line should be “I AM a student…” • HW due next class: Ch 19/20 vocabulary • Harlem Renaissance Resources!!! • If you do not have your resources because of the ICEDAY than bring them on Tuesday and it’ll be graded on NEXT QUARTER • Notes/Discussion of Post-War Havoc • IAM Poems about Post-War Havoc/History Day time

9. “I AM” Poem- Fill in the blanks • I AM… a student • I Wonder…. • I hear… • I see… • I am… • I pretend… • I feel… • I touch… • I worry… • I cry… • I am… • I understand • I say… • I dream… • I try… • I hope… • I am…

10. “I AM” Poem – Post-War Havoc • Pick a post-war character from the list below • Fill in the lines of the “I AM” poem based on that person/character • Use feelings, thoughts, ideas that the person/character might have • Post-War characters (1919 to 1920s) • Woodrow Wilson • Russian communist living in America • Woman who’s husband died in the War • Immigrant from Italy working in a factory

11. Post-War Havoc • Deadly Flu Epidemic (infected 1 in 4 people), more than ½ million people died • Labor Issues – NO MORE WAR PRODUCTS TO MAKE/GROW = less jobs for Americans (esp. returning soldiers) • STRIKES (4 million Americans striked in 1919) • Hatred/anger toward immigrants (stealing jobs away) • Red Scare – FEAR OF COMMUNISM • Communist takeover of Russia  threat they were going to take over US (Communism = sharing wealth (scares rich)) • Palmer Raids  got rid of many radicals/anarchists • Immigration restrictions  because of job insecurity • NATIVISM (hatred of foreigners) • 1921 started to restrict the numbers of immigrants who could come

12. ECONOMIC ISSUES –Slowed economy leads to anti-immigrant • Post WW1 Farms and Factories that were busy during the war were out of work because demand for products fell • NO NEED FOR WAR PRODUCTS • Slowing economy – many soldiers had trouble finding jobs • WW1 had gave rise to “100% Americanism” • Anti-foreign sentiment • FEAR THAT IMMIGRANTS WERE STEALING JOBS FROM SOLDIERS

13. Bolsheviks and Red Scare • 1917 Russian Revolution lead by Bolsheviks (Russia became “Soviet Union” and Communist) • Communism – no economic class (rich or poor) and NO private property • Americans baffled/frightened by Communism (Soviets wanted to overthrow Capitalism (freedom of property) • Red Scare (widespread fear of Communism) in America • Arrests, foreign from jobs, deportations • PALMER RAIDS  deportation of perceived commy’s

14. Palmer Raids • A. Mitchell Palmer (targeted by radicals), lead a campaign to get rid of suspected radicals in the U.S. • Palmer Raids: Aliens (citizens of other countries) that belonged to certain groups were deported • 100s of immigrants were deported out of fear that Communism would rise in the U.S.

15. Labor Strikes • In 1919 over 4 million workers took place in over 3,000 Strikes (the workers usually lost) • Postwar difficulty: Sinking postwar demand for factory goods hurt industry. Returning soldiers expected to take their place on the factory floor, but the jobs weren’t available • With few available jobs, and MANY unemployed and job security was non-existent (unhappy workers were fired) • Similar to today  NO JOB SECURITY (most workers are replaceable)

16. Competition for jobs  Limiting Immigration to America • Rise of nativism (distrust of foreigners) and competition for jobs triggered a backlash against foreigners • New immigrants, often poor and alone, were willing to work for low wages, w/ no Union (U.S. citizens saw them as a threat to their jobs) • National Origins Act of 1924 – set quotas for number of people from each country that could come (2% of existing population in US) • (if there was 200,000 Italians – 40,000 more could come – favored people already in the country)

17. KKK • KKK of the 1920s was strongly NATIVIST • Did not just target African Americans, now targeted Jews, Catholics, immigrants and radicals • “Native White Protestant Supremacy” This picture is of the MAINE KKK. The KKK was not just in the South

18. Sacco and Vanzetti • Italian immigrants who were accused and convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery in Massachusetts. After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the men were executed on August 23, 1927 • They robbed a bank and murdered, but were charged with crimes against the COUNTRY (political conspiracy) • Case is still controversial

19. Sacco and Venzetti

20. Americans (especially immigrants) protested their arrest and execution

21. Booming Economy • Business Boom of the 1920s was fueled by consumers (new products to buy –toasters, vacuums, radios) • Advertizing (not just ONE kind of a product) • Ford and the MODEL T (affordable cars) • Welfare Capitalism • Jobs offered extra benefits like retirement, so people could spend more freely (they were secured/insured) • Installment Buying – (buy now, pay over time) • Credit – (borrowing money)

22. A New Kind of American • New Roles for Women  19th Amendment (vote) • New, risqué dress (flapper – cut hair, makeup) • Urbanization  People move to cities (more to do – movies, dances, dating = trouble) • This lead to a CONFLICT OVER VALUES • Fundamentalism (strict interpretation of the Bible) • Prohibition (ban of alchohol) • SCOPES TRIAL (evolution in the schools)

23. Scopes Trial (evolution in school) • In Tennessee, fundamentalists had outlawed teaching of evolution (the theory that populations change over time  we came from Monkeys) • A teacher, John Scopes, was put on trial for violating that law. • Trial was very heated, but Scopes LOST

25. Harlem Renaissance • Great Migration  WW1 produced many jobs in Northern Cities (African Americans moved North for opportunity) • Harlem in 1920s  center for African American culture and ACTIVISM • Harlem Renaissance  CULTURAL REBIRTH • Jazz, poetry, art, middle class lifestyle

26. What factors lead to the Harlem Renaissance? Great Migration: Movement of African Americans to the North because of: - Better opportunity in North (jobs in factories) - Widespread racism and segregation in the South (fear of lynching's, murder, bomb threats, etc.) Black citizens were terrorized for trying to express their basic citizen rights (voting, working, etc.) World War One: Upon returning from War, African American soldiers felt more empowered Returning soldiers felt that if they could defend freedom abroad, they should be entitled to freedom/equality at home WW1 also brought many jobs to African Americans, giving them economic stability

27. World War African American Soldiers, such as the 370th and 369th Infantries, became French war heroes. French High Command honored the 369th by choosing their regiment to lead Allied forces into the Rhine Area. This infantry became known as the “Hell Fighters”.

28. The Great Migration In response to their harsh treatment in the south, between 1910 and 1930, African-American families migrated to northern cities in multitudes. This became known as “The Great Migration.”

29. The Great Migration Three major destinations of the Great Migration were: - Detroit - Chicago - New York City • African-American Population Increases: • Detroit: + 611.3 % • Chicago: + 148.2 % • New York City: + 66.3 %

31. Why Harlem, New York?

32. Harlem, New York Before the Great Migration, most African-Americans lived in small, crowded, over-priced tenement homes. In the 1880’s and 90’s, Harlem, in midtown Manhattan, was a white upper-class community that was undergoing intense development. This included a mass transportation transit subway. With so much investing and developing, real estate values became so high that hardly anyone would move in. By 1902, whole buildings were vacant and soon developers were begging for tenants.

33. Harlem, New York By 1910, many white Harlem citizens abandoned the neighborhood. This left even more abandoned tenements. Eventually, the white property owners that resisted African-American tenants were forced to sell homes at prices much cheaper than market value. With the Great Migration was in full swing, Harlem’s affordable homes for African-Americans became a popular destination.

34. NAACP • National Association for the Advancement for Colored People • WEB DuBois (1st PhD from Harvard) • Worked to end discrimination and mistreatment of African Americans • The Crisis • NAACP prominent organization still • UNIA • Universal Negro Improvement Association • Marcus Garvey • Blacks helping Blacks • Build economic success in order to support “Back to Africa” Movement • UNIA collapses with deportation of Garvey

35. NAACP Publication: The Crisis

36. UNIA March Caption Reads: “This New Negro has NO Fear”

37. New York Black Yankees, 1939