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25th Annual STATS-DC 2012 Data Conference July 12, 2012 Grace Kena William Sonnenberg

Employment and Earnings Outcomes for Young Adult Bachelor’s Degree Holders: Findings From the American Community Survey. 25th Annual STATS-DC 2012 Data Conference July 12, 2012 Grace Kena William Sonnenberg National Center for Education Statistics. Overview. Background of Analyses

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25th Annual STATS-DC 2012 Data Conference July 12, 2012 Grace Kena William Sonnenberg

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  1. Employment and Earnings Outcomes for Young Adult Bachelor’s Degree Holders: Findings From the American Community Survey 25th Annual STATS-DC 2012 Data Conference July 12, 2012 Grace Kena William Sonnenberg National Center for Education Statistics

  2. Overview • Background of Analyses • American Community Survey (ACS) and PUMS (Public Use Microdata Sample) Datasets • Uses of ACS PUMS Datasets and Comparisons with Current Population Survey (CPS) Dataset • Selected Employment and Earnings Outcomes Disclaimer: The content of this presentation does not represent the views of the National Center for Education Statistics or of the Institute of Education Sciences.

  3. Background • Indicators on postsecondary outcomes developed as part of Gaps in Access & Persistence Study (GAPS) produced under Congressional mandate and slated for August 2012 release* • educational attainment • labor force participation • median annual earnings, and • employment in STEM occupations *Higher Education Opportunity Act, H.R. 4137, 110th Cong. §1109, 2008

  4. American Community Survey (ACS) • Continuous national survey of the Census Bureau which collects similar data on people and housing as Census 2000 long form. • Sample of housing unit addresses surveyed monthly=> about 3 million addresses each year. • Includes institutionalized and group quarters populations. • Public User Microdata Sample (PUMS) data set: • According to the ACS website, “Microdata are for those users who want to create do-it-yourself tabulations, to be able to further draw on the richness of detail recorded in the ACS.” • PUMS data sets contain about 40% of the full ACS samples. • PUMS data sets are modified to deter individual record identification. • They are available in 1- , 3-, and 5-year varieties. • We used the 1-year PUMS, 2010 data set for GAPS analyses. SOURCE: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/

  5. ACS – WHY USE IT? • To obtain more reliable estimates for relatively small quantities. • Example: Tabulations for small states (e.g., Alaska) or small racial/ethnic groups (Alaskan Natives) • Example: Median earnings for workforce, by state (by race, age, educational attainment, etc.) • 2010, full-time, full-year workers ages 25 to 34: • ACS 1-year sample=177,364 records; • ACS 3-year sample=545,222 records; • Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) sample=16,325 records

  6. ACS – WHY USE IT? • To obtain more reliable estimates for relatively small quantities. • Example: State-level analyses for smaller states • Median annual earnings in 2010 for 25 to 34-year-olds in Alaska who worked full-time and throughout a full year • CPS sample size is 193, ACS 1-year sample size is 312, and ACS 3-year sample size is 879 • Yields median earnings of $38,431 (CPS), $43,741 (ACS 1-year), and $39,665 (ACS 3-year) => ALL valid • BUT: less than High School Attainment yields CPS sample of 4 (no valid estimate), ACS 1-year sample of 16 (no valid estimate), ACS 3-year sample of 43 (valid estimate=>$31,101)

  7. ACS – EXAMPLES OF OTHER USES • Example: Analyses by race at the state level • For Colorado: only 6 Blacks in CPS sample; ACS 1-year sample size is 66 • For Mississippi: only 50 Blacks in CPS sample; ACS 1-year sample size is 518 • With regard to Native Hawaiians: 1-year ACS facilitates analyses in 3 States: • Texas with 47 ACS records vs. CPS with 4, • Utah with 59 records using ACS vs. 6 using CPS, and • Washington state with 89 ACS records vs. 7 with CPS • These are ACS 1-year examples. ACS 3-year yields even more records and more valid cell sizes.

  8. ACS – Distinguishing features of 1-, 3-, and 5-year estimates SOURCE: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/guidance_for_data_users/estimates/

  9. ACS – Differences between ACS and CPS ASEC SOURCE: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/datasources/factsheet.html

  10. ACS – PUMS DATASETS • Sample comparison of median earnings for young adults ages 25 to 34 by state using ACS 1-year, ACS 3-year, and CPS (reference Excel handout) • U.S. total=$49,910 (ACS 1-year), $50,000 (ACS 3-year), $47,990 (CPS) • Estimates seem similar enough BUT cell sizes vary widely • 177,364 records (ACS 1-year), 319,660 records (ACS 3-year), 16,325 records (CPS) SOURCE: 2008-2010 ACS 3-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data

  11. Special Focus: Calculating the Median Income • Elementary statistics: median is the value in the middle • Not the same with Census sample data • Steps in the sample algorithm: • Accumulate the weights of all records with the same income • Sum these accumulated totals until you exceed 50% of the sum of all weights • Interpolate between the associated incomes of prior and current subtotals to arrive at the approximated 50th percentile SOURCE: 2008-2010 ACS 3-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data

  12. Selected 2010 Findings on Employment and Median Annual Earnings for Young Adults Ages 25 to 34 with a Bachelor’s or Higher Degree SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  13. Bachelor’s or higher degree attainment by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  14. Bachelor’s or higher degree attainment by nativity status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  15. Bachelor’s or higher degree attainment by citizenship status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  16. Employment for bachelor’s degree holders by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  17. Employment for bachelor’s degree holders by nativity status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  18. Employment for bachelor’s degree holders by citizenship status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  19. Employment in STEM occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex Any STEM occupation Race/ethnicity SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  20. Employment in STEM occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by citizenship status Any STEM occupation SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  21. Employment in computer science occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex Computer scientists SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  22. Employment in engineering and architecture occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  23. Employment in scientist occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity, and sex Scientists SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  24. Employment in medical professional occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  25. Employment in business and management occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex Business workers/managers SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  26. Employment in education occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  27. Employment in various occupations for employed bachelor’s degree holders with a STEM BA by citizenship status SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  28. Median earnings by highest level of educational attainment and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  29. Median earnings for computer science majors by race/ethnicity and sex Earnings Computer and information sciences SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  30. Median earnings for engineering majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  31. Median earnings for biology/biomedical science majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  32. Median earnings for mathematics/statistics majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  33. Median earnings for physical sciences majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  34. Median earnings for health/clinical science majors by race/ethnicity and sex SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  35. Median earnings by field of study and citizenship status Earnings Engineering/ engineering technologies Health professions/ clinical sciences Mathematics/statistics Physical sciences Field of study SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010.

  36. GAPS Report (EXPECTED August 2012 Release) For More Information & Additional Resources Questions about Presentation Terris Ross, Ph.D. National Center for Education Statistics Terris.Ross@ed.gov 202.502.7302 http://nces.ed.gov/ Grace Kena National Center for Education Statistics Grace.Kena@ed.gov 202.502.7888 Uses of ACS Data Bill Sonnenberg National Center for Education Statistics William.Sonnenberg@ed.gov 202.502.7453

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