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Unit 3 – Topic 4 Eyes & Cameras

Unit 3 – Topic 4 Eyes & Cameras. Eyes vs. Camera. You can think of the eye & camera as an “image producing” technologies 1 is natural 1 is artificial Cameras are built on the principles of human sight Their components are very comparable!. Light Entering. Aperture. Light Entering.

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Unit 3 – Topic 4 Eyes & Cameras

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  1. Unit 3 – Topic 4 Eyes & Cameras

  2. Eyes vs. Camera • You can think of the eye & camera as an “image producing” technologies • 1 is natural • 1 is artificial • Cameras are built on the principles of human sight • Their components are very comparable!

  3. Light Entering Aperture

  4. Light Entering Eye Camera Pupil Aperture Allows light in

  5. Light Entering Eye Camera Pupil Aperture How much light depends on how much light is needed Little = small Lots = big Allows light in

  6. Light Entering • How is this all controlled? • Eye = tiny muscles around the eye called the iris • Colourof irisis youreye colour

  7. Light Entering • How is this all controlled? • Camera = cylinder or dial around the aperture that when turned increases or decreases the size of the aperture

  8. Inside The Eye • Light enters eye through pupil • Light goes into the retina • Retina is covered with photoreceptors

  9. Inside The Eye Photoreceptors Two Types • 3 Types • Green • Red • Blue Rods Cones In low lightonly detect shades Sensitive to Light Operate in Low light DetectColour

  10. Inside The Eye

  11. Inside The Eye • Photoreceptors send messages to optic nerve • Optic nerve sends messages to the brain • Brain creates an image  film on camera

  12. Light Entering

  13. Focusing Light • Eyes & Cameras have transparent lenses • Lens must be in right position to sharpen image (double convex) • Muscles attached to lens (ciliary muscles) contract to lengthen & relax to shorten

  14. Focusing Light

  15. Focusing Light • Changing the shape of lens focuses the image on the retina • Cameras do this automatically when they have the auto-focus feature& can be done manually

  16. Correcting Vision Issues Most eye problems fall into two categories Nearsightedness Farsightedness Cannot see objectsfar away Cannot see objectsclose up

  17. Correcting Vision Issues Lens not fat enough Lens not thin enough

  18. Inside The Eye • Why is the image upside down when it reaches the brain?

  19. Laser Eye Surgery Used to replace the need for glasses/contacts Cuts flap in tissue Covering the eye Reshapes cornea Which acts as the new corrective lens Folded back so cornea is exposed Reshaped with UV light pulses

  20. Laser Eye Surgery

  21. Night Vision Goggles 2 Lenses and 1 Viewing Screen Which is why the image is green In general they intensify an image and project it on to a screen Screen is covered in phosphor Phosphor glows green when hit with light (particles)

  22. Night Vision Goggles

  23. Camera Eyes We like to compare eyes vs. cameras If they have … Roughly round in shape Cornea Lens Retina We call them camera eyes

  24. Camera Eyes Bees see UV light They can vary Can see different wavelengths Fish Birds Large lens (goes through pupil) Ultra sharp vision More cones than humans Allows them to see all directions

  25. Camera Eyes Have more rods Nocturnal Acts like a mirror which reflects light Awake at night Large pupils (Capture more light) TapetumLucidum Extra layer in eye

  26. Camera Eyes

  27. Compound Eyes Made up of many individual “eyes” Each unit ommatidium Focusing cone Long Tube Lens on outer surface Light sensitive cell

  28. Compound Eyes These eyes tend to be convex Makes them excellent at detecting motion

  29. Compound Eyes There are some drawbacks Difficult to form a single image Works like a TV / Pixels More ommatidium better image

  30. Digital/Stadium Images Stadium Image Each card contains a coordinate When pieced together they form an image

  31. Digital Images Digital Images The process of creating an image using a computer The image is made up of pixels From the term Picture Elements Pic Ele

  32. Colouring Digital Images Digital Images Each pixel is given a value Each value corresponds to a colour That pixel then displays that colour

  33. Image Quality Size of Pixel Large Small Many small squares Many more small squares Low resolution High resolution

  34. Capturing A Digital Image Light Enters through aperture This can be stored and transmitted Converted to digital information Small electrical current charges squares Reaches a CCD (Charged-CoupleDisplay) Like grid-paper

  35. Transmitting Digital Transmission Can also see different light spectrums Information can be coded, transmitted coded, reassemble by a computer Without this we would not be able to transmit information anywhere

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