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The Global Positioning System Advanced Tools

The Global Positioning System Advanced Tools. Sources of GPS Error. Standard Positioning Service (SPS ): Selective Availability: 0 to 100 meters Ionosphere: 5.0 to 7.0 meters Troposphere: 0.5 to 0.7 meters Satellite clocks: < 1 to 3.6 meters Orbital errors: < 1 meter

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The Global Positioning System Advanced Tools

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  1. The Global Positioning SystemAdvanced Tools

  2. Sources of GPS Error • Standard Positioning Service (SPS ): • Selective Availability: 0 to 100 meters • Ionosphere: 5.0 to 7.0 meters • Troposphere: 0.5 to 0.7 meters • Satellite clocks: < 1 to 3.6 meters • Orbital errors: < 1 meter • Receiver noise: 0.3 to 1.5 meters • Multipath: undetermined • User error: Up to a kilometer or more • Errors are cumulative!

  3. Dual Frequency Positioning L1 C/A Code L2 P(Y) Code Signal propagates through atmosphere at different rates due to different frequencies. This time difference can be calculated and used to correct for Ionospheric and Tropospheric created errors.

  4. Receiver DGPS Site Post-Processed Differential GPS

  5. Post-Processed Differential GPS Trimble’s Pro XR Trimble Geo CE XT and XM Trimble GPS Pocket

  6. Receiver DGPS Receiver DGPS Site Real-Time Differential GPS

  7. NDGPSNationwide Differential Global Positioning Service • Advantages: • 1 meter, 95% real-time accuracy when the user is within 100 miles of station • Optimized for surface (maritime and terrestrial) applications with medium frequency, “ground hugging” signal and is not line-of-site dependent • Fully operational in areas of coverage

  8. NDGPSNationwide Differential Global Positioning Service • Disadvantages: • Accuracy degrades at a rate of approximately 1 meter per hundred nautical miles • More user equipment needed for most receivers • Can be susceptible to RF interference • Accuracy and usage are distance dependent • System is operational but the coverage not completed yet

  9. GPS / NDGPS Beacon System Trimble’s “BoB” CSI’s MBX3 Beacon Receiver

  10. NDGPSNational Differential Global Positioning System

  11. NDGPSNational Differential Global Positioning System

  12. WAASWide Area Augmentation System Advantages: • < 7 meters real-time accuracy • Accuracy not distance dependent • No additional receiver needed • Inexpensive

  13. WAASWide Area Augmentation System • Disadvantages: • Does not work well in canopy cover • Satellite are geo-stationary over equator • Not declared operational yet

  14. Garmin GPSMap 176 Trimble’s Pro XR Trimble Geo CE XT and XM Garmin GPSMap 76 and V WAAS / Beacon / Omnistar / GPS Receiver System CSI’s DGPS Max

  15. Why Should You DoDifferential Corrections? • Improved Accuracy ( still have atmospheric degradation of sv signals ) • Positional Integrity ( Are you where you say you are? ) • Geodetic Tie to NGS Monumentation Network

  16. What’s Coming for GPS System? • Better, smaller and less expensive receivers • Closer integration into existing equipment, watches, cell phones, data collection devices, etc. • Dual Frequency, C/A Code • FAA satellite based differential service - Wide Area Augmentation System, WAAS • Double coverage of NDGPS for CONUS

  17. Garmin GPSMap 76s Garmin GPS V Casio GPS Watch Trimble GPS Pocket Latest GPS Technology Trimble Geo CE XT and XM CSI DGPS Max and MiniMax

  18. Garmin’s NavTalk GSM Wireless Phone Latest Communication Technology Garmin Rino FRS / GRSM Radio and GPS Reciever

  19. Latest Communication Technology CSI GT300 GPS Enabled Digital Cell Telephone Racal Project 25 Voice / Data Radio

  20. TerraSync ERSI’s ArcPAD Latest Mapping Technology

  21. Handheld Mapping In-the-fielddata collectionand informationdisplay. Display valuabledata sources Combine datasets Query attributeinformation

  22. Data Collection Softwares • Trimble TerraSync • ESRI ArcPad • Fieldworker • TDS Solo CE • Various PalmPilot Softwares

  23. Minimum Suggested Handheld Requirements (August ‘03) • Min. 206 Strong Arm chipset • 32 Mbs of RAM • PC Card (or compact flash) expansion capability • Daylight viewable screen! • Ruggedized (if possible)

  24. Examples: Panasonic Toughbook 01 • Panasonic Toughbook 01 (32 Mbs of RAM) • Serial AutoSync cable • 1 gig IBM Microdrive and / or 512 mb Secure Data card • Extra removable battery • with charger Approximate cost: $2000.00

  25. 3D Marketing’s Photo Link and GPS Tag Software Latest GPS Imaging Technology Trimble’s Media Mapper

  26. Digital Camera/GPS Imaging Systems • Latitude and Longitude • Datum • Elevation • FMSS Facilities information • Archeological descriptions • Viewing direction • I&M database unique identifiers • Basically, anything that you want to watermark on photo.

  27. Digital Camera/GPS Imaging Systems

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