Hitler’s Germany 1929-39

1. Hitler’s Germany 1929-39 • L/O: To know how and why was Hitler able to become Chancellor in January 1933 • Starter: Add notes to your brainstorm to show how Hitler became chancellor in 1933

2. Hitler’s Germany 1929-39 • Key issue: How and why was Hitler able to become Chancellor in January 1933? • The impact of the Wall Street Crash and Depression in Germany; growth in support for the Nazis and other extremist parties • The Weimar system of government and the failure of democracy; the elections of 1930 and 1932; invitation to lead a coalition government, 1933; reactions among German people. • Key issue: How did Hitler change Germany from a democracy to a Nazi dictatorship, 1933–1934, and then reinforce this? • The Reichstag Fire; the election of March 1933; the Enabling Act • The elimination of political opposition: political parties, trade unions; the Night of the Long Knives; the death of Hindenburg; Hitler becomes Führer • One party law and order: SS and Gestapo; concentration camps; propaganda; censorship; the media; control of education; youth movements; control of the churches. • Key issue: To what extent did Germans benefit from Nazi rule in the 1930s? • Economic policy: increased employment through public works programmes, rearmament and conscription; self-sufficiency • Social policy: standards of living; promises to the German people; effects of Nazi policy on the lives of women; effects on culture • Racial persecution: the Jews and other alien groups, e.g. gypsies

3. Link the Treaty of Versailles to Hitler's rise to power: Starting at the T of V how many factors can you list that help Hitler gat to power in 1933 Jan 33 Hitler in power T of V

4. Link the Treaty of Versailles to Hitler's rise to power 1932 November – Hitler offered Vice Chancellor role 1932 NSDAP Biggest Party Joins the DAP Jan 33 Hitler in power 1930 NSDAP election gains Forms the NSDAP T of V 1929 Wall street Ruhr Crisis 1929 Young Plan 1924 In prison 1926 Dawes Plan Munich Putsch 1923

5. What were the problems of the Weimar Republic? • Watch the following clip • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEt7PLQpjXY • Make notes of key words that you hear

6. Wall Street Crash Wall Street Crash 1929 American banks recalled loans German businesses Closed –people lost their jobs.

7. Reparations form WW1 Why did the Wall Street Crash have such an impact on Germany? Young Plan 1929 Dawes Plan 1926

8. What is this an example of? • This says: “Women! Millions of men out of work! Millions of children without a future! Save our German families. Vote for Hitler

10. Rise of Extremism • In the wake of the depression extremism became popular • Why would big business support the Nazis? • How would this help get them into power?

11. Who is shown here and how did they help Hitler get into power?

12. Appeal of the Nazi Party • Hitler organised his own private army (SA) Sturm Abteilung(Storm Troopers) used to protect Nazi meetings and attack those of their opponents. • 25 Point Programme • included a promise to reverse the Treaty of Versailles, • destroy Communism and • make Germany great again. • Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s failure in WWI. • Hitler promised jobs to unemployed. • Protection against Communism brought large donations from businessmen which the Nazis used to fund their propaganda campaign. • Promised a return to traditional values –to help farmers & small businesses. • Promised to make Germany great again • Promised strong leadership

13. Weaknesses of the Weimar Government

14. Elections for the Reichstag 1932 • Election campaign very violent • Nazis and Communists fought in street battles • Nazis became the largest party in the Reichstag and Hitler demanded to be made Chancellor. • Hindenburg refused and appointed Franz von Papen

15. The Political Deal 1933 How can we connect this image to the political deal made by Hitler? • Von Papen had used emergency powers to pass laws. • These failed & by Nov 1932 Von Papen, who had no support in the Reichstag, called another election. • Nazis won a majority again but Hindenburg now chose Von Schleicher as Chancellor, within a month he was forced to resign. • Hitler pretended to support less radical ideas. • He persuaded Von Papen and Hindenburg that he could be controlled by them as a puppet leader & so in Jan 1933 Hindenburg chose Hitler as Chancellor.

16. In early 1929 the Nazis had very few seats in the Reichstag, yet by 1932 they had more than any other political party. Use Source H and your knowledge to describe how the Nazis achieved this in the years 1929–1932. (8 marks) • Source H A Nazi election poster, 1932 The poster says ‘Our last hope: Hitler Examiner Comments • Details on the effects of the Wall Street Crash on Germany and how this • helped the Nazis to gain support. • The Nazi propaganda messages, including methods of propaganda. • The use of violence, including role of SA and SS. • The weaknesses of the Weimar constitution with an aged President • The importance of elections, especially in July and November 1932 and • Presidential election in April 1932.

17. ‘The Wall Street Crash enabled Hitler to become Chancellor of Germany in January 1933.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer. (12 marks) Spag 3 marks • Agree • Wall Street Crash led to industries going bankrupt and millions becoming unemployed. (USA withdrew loans from Germany) • Many saw collapse as evidence of failure of Weimar Republic. • Many German workers turned to extremist parties for radical solutions. • Disagree • Nature of Weimar constitution made successive governments powerless to act. • Hitler’s propaganda appealed (blaming Treaty of Versailles and the Communists – and sometimes the Jews). • Hitler’s methods – violence (SA, SS) and propaganda. • Hitler gaining credibility nationally when he gained 13m votes in bid to become President in 1932. • Hitler using political problems of 1932 to engineer becoming Chancellor (Von Papen, Von Schleicher, 1932 election results).