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LYMPHOMA

LYMPHOMA. Huang Jinwen Hematology Dept. of SRRSH.

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LYMPHOMA

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  1. LYMPHOMA Huang Jinwen Hematology Dept. of SRRSH

  2. Lymphomais a cancer in the lymphatic cells of the immune system. Typically, lymphomas present as a solid tumor of lymphoid cells. Treatment might involve chemotherapy and in some cases radiotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation, and can be curable depending on the histology, type, and stage of the disease.

  3. Lymphomas, multiple myeloma world map - Death - WHO2004 (per 100,000 inhabitants)

  4. WHO Classification of Lymphoma non Hodgkin lymphoma

  5. What should we do ? when we meet a patient with suspected non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

  6. PAST HISTORY malignancy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive agents, chemotherapy, organ transplantation， etc. • A personal or family history • Relevant infectious illnesses • Connective tissue diseases, immunodeficiency disorders etc. • Agricultural to pesticides and Agent Orange HIV-I, HTLV-I, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis C virus, Pyothorax-associated lymphoma.

  7. CHIEF COMPLAINTS Systemic complaints (B symptoms) * Fever — temperature >38ºC * Weight loss >10 percent over the past six months * Sweats — the presence of drenching night sweats Lymphadenopathy * Rapid and progressive or Waxing and waning * The duration, observed sites, and extent * Peripheral lymphocytosis

  8. ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES • Spinal cord compression • Pericardial tamponade • Hypercalcemia (adult T cell lymphoma) • Superior or inferior vena cava obstruction • Hyperleukocytosis (lymphoblastic lymphoma) • Acute airway obstruction (mediastinal lymphoma) • Lymphomatous meningitis and/or CNS mass • Hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome • Hyperviscosity syndrome • Intestinal obstruction, intussusception • Ureteral obstruction, unilateral or bilateral • Severe hepatic dysfunction • Venous thromboembolic disease • Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and/or thrombocytopenia

  9. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION • Waldeyer's ring • Standard lymph node sites • Liver and spleen • Abdominal nodal sites (mesenteric, retroperitoneal) • Less commonly involved nodal sites (eg, occipital, preauricular, epitrochlear, popliteal)

  10. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION： Head and Neck

  11. Waldeyer's ring

  12. Head and neck • Waldeyer's ring is more frequently observed in patients with NHL than in HL. • A useful clue to the presence of involvement of Waldeyer's ring is enlargement of preauricular nodes. • Primary central nervous system lymphoma commonly involves the eye. • Lymphoma involving the orbital structures is rare, but may be seen in marginal zone and mantle cell lymphoma.

  13. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION： Superior vena cava syndrome

  14. Chest and lungs • ~ 20% of pts with NHL present with mediastinal adenopathy. • A superior vena caval syndrome is part of the clinical presentation (3 to 8 %). • Pleural disease is seen in about 10 percent of all patients with NHL at diagnosis. • The differential diagnosis of mediastinal presentation includes infections, sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, other neoplasms.

  15. Mediastinal lymphoma

  16. Abdomen and pelvis • Retroperitoneal, mesenteric, and pelvic involvement is common in most histologic subtypes of NHL. • Diffuse hepatosplenomegaly is common in the indolent lymphomas, • Hepatic masses are more commonly seen in the aggressive or highly aggressive lymphomas. • Not all focal liver lesions in a patient with NHL are due to lymphoma. • Ascites may be present

  17. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION： Abdomen and Pelvis

  18. Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy

  19. Extranodal sites • Patients with NHL will have primary extranodal lymphoma at initial Diagnosis (10~35 %). • The most common site of primary extranodal disease is the GI tract, followed by skin. • Symptoms due to extralymphatic disease are usually associated with aggressive NHL. • The skin should be carefully examined for lesions; all suspicious areas should be biopsied.

  20. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION：Extranodal sites Colonic involvement with lymphoma Lymphoma affecting the kidney

  21. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION：Extranodal sites Lymphoma of bone Lymphoma of testis

  22. INITIAL LABORATORY STUDIES • CBC with differential • Renal and hepatic function • Serum calcium, electrolytes, and uric acid • Serum protein electrophoresis • the tumor markers beta-2 microglobulin lactate dehydrogenase etc

  23. LYMPH NODE AND TISSUE BIOPSY • Peripheral lymphonodes • CT-guided core needle biopsies • Bone marrow examination • Laparoscopic multiple biopsies • Surgical operation

  24. Lymph node selection • Size: * Significant enlargement * Persistence for more than four to six weeks • Site: * Supraclavicular nodes — 75 to 90 percent * Cervical and axillary nodes — 60 to 70 percent * Inguinal nodes — 30 to 40 percent

  25. Studies on excised tissue • An intact lymph node is critical for histologic, immunologic, molecular biologic assessment. • The FNA findings of "lymphoma" requires to be confirmed. • Immunologic, cytogenetic, and molecular studies are useful for making therapeutic decisions and assessing prognosis.

  26. Reactive lymph node versus follicular lymphoma, and versus diffuse lymphoma

  27. Bone marrow examination • BM involvement occurs commonly in the indolent histologies. • BM aspirates / BM biopsy

  28. CLINICAL EVALUATION

  29. Ann Arbor staging classification for Hodgkin's and NHL

  30. "B" symptoms • “B” symptoms are more common in aggressive/ highly aggressive histologies (47%) . • < 25 % with indolent lymphomas have B symptoms.

  31. International Prognostic Index • Age >60 • Serum LDH • ECOG performance status 2 • Ann Arbor clinical stage III or IV • Number of involved extranodal disease sites >1

  32. ECOG Performance Status Performance Status Definition 0 Fully active; no performance restrictions • Strenuos physical activity restricted; fully ambulatory and able to carry out light work • Capable of all selfcare but unable to carry out any work activities, Up and about 50 percent of waking hours • Capable of only limited selfcare; confined to bed or chair, less than50% of waking hours • Completely disabled; cannot carry out any selfcare; totally confined to bed or chair

  33. 5-yr OS and CR rates according to IPI score Score Risk group 5-yr OS CR rate (%) (%) 0 to 1 Low risk 73 87 • Low-intermediate risk 51 67 • High-intermediate risk 43 55 4 to 5 High risk 26 44

  34. Treatment

  35. OS compared between conventional chemotherapies and R-CHOP 100 80 60 40 20 0 CHOP MACOP-B ProMACE-CytaBOM m-BACOD Overall survival (%) 0 5 10 15 Patients over 60 (LNH98-5) 2002

  36. 侵袭性局灶NHL的治疗: 化疗或化疗+放疗

  37. 高危患者自体干细胞移植后生存优于化疗 LNH87-2 PROTOCOL

  38. OS According to Gene-Expression Profiles in DLBCL N Engl J Med, Vol. 346, No. 25.June 20, 2002

  39. Genetic, molecular and characteristics of the DLBCL subgroups and PMBL recognized by expression profiling WHO classification of tumours and haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues,2008

  40. Differential efficacy of bortezomib plus chemo within subtypes of DLBCL Blood, 11 June 2009, Vol. 113, No. 24, pp. 6069-6076

  41. THANKS

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