Polish System of Cadastre

1. Annual Meeting 2003 FIG Commission 7 Polish System of Cadastre Andrzej HOPFER Wojciech WILKOWSKI

2. The contents • The history of the Polish Cadastre • The definition of the Polish real estate cadastre • The definition of cadastral objects (land plots, buildings, premises) • The level of computerisation of the polish cadastral system • The programme of modernisation of the existing cadastre • The programme for an integrated cadastral system in Poland • Summary

3. The history of the Polish Cadastre The first technical book published in Polish. Professor Stanisław Grzepski – then the head of the Institute of Practical Geometry of the Jagiellonian University who wrote and published the book called “Geometry is a surveying science” in 1566 “This book has been published on considerable occasion in Vilnius, at the King August’s Court, for surveyors in Podlasie, who sometimes were leading ropes through the room centres and drilling holes.”

4. The history of the Polish Cadastre Cadastre in Poland at the end of the 19th century

5. The history of the Polish Cadastre • After World War 2, Poland’s borders have undergone significant changes. It had taken until 1956 to start a wide scope of geodesic work, tied to the establishment of uniform land cadastre. • As a result of this work, cadastral maps have been drawn with the use of various technologies: • 34.5% of the inventoried area, the borders of plots have been measured using direct measuring methods; • 23.5% of the inventoried area, the borders of plots have been measured with the use of photogrammetry, • 42.0% of the inventoried area, the borders of plots have been based on other studies and documents (old cadastre maps, integration/ division maps, etc.)

6. The history of the Polish Cadastre • The said maps have been drawn in the following scales: • 1:500 - 176740 hectares, • 1:1000 - 669435 hectares, • 1:2000 - 2877232 hectares, • 1:5000 - 22468043 hectares, • in other scales – 1993069 hectares.

7. The modern cadastre • The Polish law defines the real estate cadastre the following way: • a uniform, standard for the whole country, systematically updated collection of information on land, buildings and premises; their owners or other individual or legal persons who control these lands, buildings and premises. • The cadastral objects have been defined in the following way: • land plot - a unit of land, located within single, uniform limits; homogenous in legal terms; separated from the surrounding area with border lines;

8. building - a closed and roofed construction, together with built-in installations and technical equipment, used for permanent needs. It is adapted for housing people and/or animals; or for the storage and protection of objects; premises - a unit, room or group of rooms, separated with fixed permanent walls within a building, designated for permanent presence of people. Together with service units is used to fulfil the housing needs of the residents. 31 32 21 22 11 12 12 01 02

9. The computerisation of the descriptive part of the cadastre • 1975 - starting work from coding data on a perforated tape • 1985 - 2001 - setting up the descriptive part of the cadastre system on single computer workstations • 2001 - the computerisation of the discriptive part of the cadastre is finished

10. The drawbacks of the applied computerisation • variety of software tools (up to 27 applications) in different parts of the country • lack of communication between existing systems • lack of possibility to automatically aggregate cadastral data on regional and national level

11. The computerisation of the cartographical part of the cadastre • 1990 - the beginning of works • 2002 - already 70% of urban areas and 24% of rural areas is covered by numerical cadastral maps.

12. The drawbacks Maps were created using different software tools. The research on the degree of computerisation of the cartographic part of the cadastre showed that over 20 different types of software basing on various kinds of databases had been used.

13. Conclusions following from performed analysis Given the current condition of the cadastre, and the experience of other European countries such as Austria, Netherlands and Germany, the modern model of the cadastre should be organised in the following manner: • cadastral data for both the descriptive and cartographic parts should be integrated in one database, which would be managed on region (voivodship) or subregion level; • there should exist an obligation to define objects of cadastral database in a uniform manner; • due to software diversification it is necessary to introduce the standard of exchange of cadastral data between the existing cadastral databases • access to the cadastral information should be possible via telecommunication and Internet networks, in a client-server architecture; • access to information should guarantee security of source data, and provide the protection of personal data of the owners and holders of real property.

14. The project of the Integrated Cadastral System 1) Developing an integrating electronic platform for existing separated databases: the land and building register (cadastre), land and mortgage register Some conditions must be satisfied: • computerisation of the existing mortgage registers which are maintained by disctrict courts, currently available on paper

15. The project of the Integrated Cadastral System • creation of the central database of the mortgage register The central database of the mortgage register accessing information supplying with information about updates district court district court district court

16. cadastral office cadastral office cadastral office The project of the Integrated Cadastral System 2) modernisation of the existing land cadastre and converting it into the real estate cadastre some conditions must be satisfied: • finishing computerisation of the geometrical part of the cadastre • supplementing of the cadastral database with informations concerning buildings and premises • creating of source cadastral databases on region (voivodship) and subregion level, supplied with data by county cadastral officces Source cadastral databases on region level accessing information supplying with information about updates

17. Tax register in municipalities The central database of KW SCD RL Access server to IPE, SWDE standard Migration centres of KW Register of farms (IACS) SCD RL Access server to IPE, SWDE standard KW Sections IPE SCD RL Access server to IPE, SWDE standard PESEL Internet Platform REGON SCD RL Access server to IPE, SWDE standard $ $ $ $ licensed surveyors notaries banks other users

18. Summary The implementation of the idea of the Integrated Cadastral System, discussed in the paper, will enable to: • develop an interface linking databases of the real estate cadastre with land and mortgage register and property tax register, • link this register with other subsystems and public registers, • develop principles of the mass real estate appraisal, • eliminate existing discrepancies between the real estate cadastre and land and mortgage register, • improve the accessibility to real estate database, thus creating foundations for rational real estate management and implementation of ad valorem tax, • facilitate the access to real estate data, collected in the existing data bases and in consequence, to stimulate real estate trade and improve its safety and facilitate access to mortgage credit and mortgage banks’ growth,